throw the shackles off
英国がEU離脱を確定してから一か月が経ちました。お店の変化を店主に聞き，その内容が述べられています。
The fishmonger predicting a brighter future
"I think it's a bright future -- we've just got to throw the shackles off," says Leave voter Dave Crosbie, cheeks flushed from the day's heat.
Looking down from his raised seafood trailer, Crosbie assumes the pose of a preacher at his pulpit.
http://edition.cnn.com/2016/07/26/europe/brexit-romford-one-month-on/index.html
今回取り上げる表現は，“throw the shackles off”です。この表現を“throw off”と“shackle”に分けて考えていきます。まず，“throw off”から見ていきます。これは，「（衣服など）をさっと脱ぐ」や「〈束縛・習慣など〉を振り捨てる」などの意味があります（『ジーニアス英和辞典』大修館書店）。
次に，“shackle”です。これは，名詞「手かせ，足かせ，束縛，拘束」，動詞「手かせ（足かせ）をかける，束縛する，拘束する」などといった意味があります（同上）。また，語源を調べてみると，Merriam-Websterによると，古期英語の“sceacul”から中期英語の“schakel”に変わり，現在の形になったそうです。
これらを組み合わせ，記事を踏まえて考えてみると，「Brexitでの経済的，政治的混乱から抜け出したばかりである」と捉えることができるのではないでしょうか。(Nao)
white humpback whale 復習
世界的に有名な白いザトウクジラがオーストラリアの海に姿を現しました。
White humpback Migaloo spotted off Australia's Byron Bay
A famous white humpback whale has been spotted on his annual migration to Australia's north.
Migaloo is known for his distinctive colouring and for many years was the only documented all-white humpback whale in the world.
He has been sighted off the coast of New South Wales state, including the resort town of Byron Bay.
Migaloo's journey up Australia's east coast has attracted large numbers of whale enthusiasts.
(以下省略)
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-36880863
今回は “white humpback whale”を取り上げます。
『ジーニアス英和辞典』（第五版，大修館）で調べたところ、“humpback whale”で「ザトウクジラ」と載っておりました。ちなみにhumpbackのみで「ねこ背（の人）」という意味です。
似たような単語でhunchbackがあることを思い出したので、humpbackとの違いを調べてみました。
同辞書でhunchbackを引いたところ、「〈侮蔑〉ねこ背の人，脊柱後湾症」と載っておりました。侮蔑のニュアンスがhumpbackより強いようです。
話がずれてしまうのですが、ザトウクジラのザトウとは何を意味するのか気になってしまったので、インターネットで検索してみました。
様々な諸説があるようですが、そのうちの一つに「丸みを帯びた体が、その昔『座頭』と呼ばれる琵琶（びわ）を弾く人が持っていた琵琶に似ているため」というものがありました。（http://animals.main.jp/mammals/humpbackwhale1.html）言語は違えど、クジラの丸い形から名前を付けた点は一緒かもしれません。（Gomez）
zip ties 復習
26日未明, 「津久井やまゆり園」で起きた無差別殺傷事件の詳細が, 徐々に明らかにされています。
Sagamihara knife attack / Neighbors, families express fear, shock
Tuesday’s fatal attack at a welfare facility for intellectually disabled people in Sagamihara was a virtually unprecedented rampage in Japan, leaving at least 19 residents of the facility dead.
Before dawn, 44 people were attacked by a knife-wielding man one after another in the facility, Tsukui Yamayuri-en. Many of the victims who died had their necks slashed, and bloodstains were found in many places inside the facility. Injured victims were carried one after another to ambulances, and parents of residents rushed to the site with pale faces.
According to a senior official of the Kanagawa prefectural police, some staff members of Yamayuri-en were bound with zip ties. The official said that a hammer was found on the ground beside a broken glass window of the building.
Several zip ties were found in the backseat of a car that suspect Satoshi Uematsu, 26, who was arrested on suspicion of attempted murder and other charges, drove to Tsukui Police Station to turn himself in. Red stains that appeared to be blood were seen on the central part of the car’s steering wheel, on the surface of plastic shopping bags, and on a towel placed on the front seat of the car.
以下省略
http://the-japan-news.com/news/article/0003105111
本日気になった表現は “zip ties” です。
“tie” とあることから, 何か「結ぶもの」を想像することができます。そこで, “zip” と “tie” を分けて調べました。
『リーダーズ英和中辞典』(研究社)に, “zip” は「ファスナーを閉じる[開く]」という意味のほか, 「<俗>口を閉じる」や「完封[零封]する」と記されていました。このことから, “zip” は「きつく, 完全に」というニュアンスをもつことがわかりました。そして, “tie” は今回「くくる, 束ねる, 縛る」という意味合いで用いられています。
以上より, “zip ties” は, 容疑者が施設の職員を拘束するために持ち込んだ, 複数の「結束バンド」を示していると思われます。(Cayu)
“zip” に関連した記事が過去に取り上げられていました。
zip one's lip - 田邉祐司ゼミ 常時英心：言葉の森から
wee hours 復習
wee hours
神奈川県相模原市にある障害者施設で起きた無差別殺傷事件で19人が殺されました。容疑者は今年2月に衆院議長に予告の手紙を出していたとのことです。
Letter Foretold Japan Rampage That Killed 19 Disabled People
A young Japanese man went on a stabbing rampage Tuesday at a facility for the mentally disabled where he had been fired, officials said, killing 19 people months after he gave a letter to Parliament outlining the bloody plan and saying all disabled people should be put to death.
When he was done, Kanagawa prefectural authorities said, 26-year-old Satoshi Uematsu had left dead or injured nearly a third of the almost 150 patients at the facility in a matter of 40 minutes in the early Tuesday attack. It is Japan's deadliest mass killing in decades. The fire department said 25 were wounded, 20 of them seriously.
Security camera footage played on TV news programs showed a man driving up in a black car and carrying several knives to the Tsukui Yamayuri-en facility in Sagamihara, 50 kilometers (30 miles) west of Tokyo. The man broke in by shattering a window at 2:10 a.m., according to a prefectural health official, and then set about slashing the patients' throats.
Sagamihara fire department official Kunio Takano said the attacker killed 10 women and nine men. The youngest was 19, the oldest 70.
Details of the attack, including whether the victims were asleep or otherwise helpless, were not immediately known. Kanagawa prefecture welfare division official Tatsuhisa Hirosue said many details weren't clear because those who might know were still being questioned by police.
The suspect calmly turned himself in about two hours after the attack, police said.
Uematsu had worked at Tsukui Yamayuri-en, which means mountain lily garden, from 2012 until February, when he was let go. He knew the staffing would be down to just a handful in the wee hours of the morning, Japanese media reports said.
The facility employs more than 200 people, including part-timers, with nine of them working the night of the attack, Hirosue said. All those killed were patients.
"They were working at night and got questioned by police after witnessing graphic violence, making them a little emotionally unstable now," he said.
Not much is known yet about his background, but Uematsu once dreamed of becoming a teacher. In two group photos posted on his Facebook, he looks happy, smiling widely with other young men.
"It was so much fun today. Thank you, all. Now I am 23, but please be friends forever," a 2013 post says.
But somewhere along the way, things went terribly awry.
In February, Uematsu tried to hand deliver a letter to Parliament's lower house speaker that revealed his dark turmoil. It demanded that all disabled people be put to death through "a world that allows for mercy killing," Kyodo news agency and TBS TV reported. The Parliament office also confirmed the letter.
Uematsu boasted in the letter that he had the ability to kill 470 disabled people in what he called was "a revolution," and outlined an attack on two facilities, after which he said he will turn himself in. He also asked he be judged innocent on grounds of insanity, be given 500 million yen ($5 million) in aid and plastic surgeryso he could lead a normal life afterward.
"My reasoning is that I may be able to revitalize the world economy and I thought it may be possible to prevent World War III," the letter says.
以下略
http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/hatred-troubled-japan-knife-attackers-rampage-40880341
記事の中で気になった表現は"wee hours"です。
LDOCEで調べてみると、"the early hours of the morning, just after 12 o'clock at night"とありました。
次に『ジーニアス英和辞典』第4版(大修館)で調べてみると、"wee"には、「(小児語)ちっぽけな、ちっちゃな」や「ほんの少しの」の他に「(時刻が)早い」とあり、"wee hours"で「(米)大変早い時刻」とありました。
因みに、イギリスでは"the small hours"と表現します。(Akim)
wee hours 復習
偶然にもAkimとかぶってしまいました。
神奈川県相模原市で起きた殺傷事件は、多くの海外メディアでも取り上げられています。
Letter Foretold Japan Rampage That Killed 19 Disabled People
A young Japanese man went on a stabbing rampage Tuesday at a facility for the mentally disabled where he had been fired, officials said, killing 19 people months after he gave a letter to Parliament outlining the bloody plan and saying all disabled people should be put to death.
When he was done, Kanagawa prefectural authorities said, 26-year-old Satoshi Uematsu had left dead or injured nearly a third of the almost 150 patients at the facility in a matter of 40 minutes in the early Tuesday attack. It is Japan's deadliest mass killing in decades. The fire department said 25 were wounded, 20 of them seriously.
Security camera footage played on TV news programs showed a man driving up in a black car and carrying several knives to the Tsukui Yamayuri-en facility in Sagamihara, 50 kilometers (30 miles) west of Tokyo. The man broke in by shattering a window at 2:10 a.m., according to a prefectural health official, and then set about slashing the patients' throats.
Sagamihara fire department official Kunio Takano said the attacker killed 10 women and nine men. The youngest was 19, the oldest 70.
Details of the attack, including whether the victims were asleep or otherwise helpless, were not immediately known. Kanagawa prefecture welfare division official Tatsuhisa Hirosue said many details weren't clear because those who might know were still being questioned by police.
The suspect calmly turned himself in about two hours after the attack, police said.
Uematsu had worked at Tsukui Yamayuri-en, which means mountain lily garden, from 2012 until February, when he was let go. He knew the staffing would be down to just a handful in the wee hours of the morning, Japanese media reports said.
The facility employs more than 200 people, including part-timers, with nine of them working the night of the attack, Hirosue said. All those killed were patients.
http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/hatred-troubled-japan-knife-attackers-rampage-40880341
今回気になった表現はthe wee hoursです。
weeはOxford dictionaries.com.では（主にスコットランド語で）“little”と定義されています。
さらに、『ジーニアス英和辞典』（第五版、大修館書店）を見るとthe wee hoursは、アメリカとスコットランドでは「真夜中過ぎ」を表すということがわかりました。夜中の12時を過ぎると、数字が一ケタになり、0時、1時と数えることから来ているようです。
ちなみにイギリス英語ではthe small hoursとなります。
逮捕された容疑者はあえて、この真夜中に犯行に及んだことがわかります。(flyingbird)
hands-on #3
JR東日本盛岡支社が、震災復興支援を目的に「盛岡車両センターまつり」を開催します。
Morioka train festival to be held after a 27-year break
MORIOKA--The “Morioka rail yard festival” is set to make a triumphant return after a three-decade break to showcase a locomotive and about 30 special event passenger cars.
中略
The long-awaited fourth edition will enable visitors to get a hands-on experience with the locomotive “SL Ginga,” resort train “Zipangu” and "Comic train" featuring Pokemon, among others.
http://www.asahi.com/sp/ajw/articles/AJ201607260011.html
今回取り上げるのは、“hands-on”という表現です。この表現をLDOCEで調べてみると、“doing something yourself rather than just talking about it or telling other people to do it”と定義されていました。また『ジーニアス英和辞典』(大修館書店)では、「(経営や実務に)直接参加の、現場での、実地の」などと載っていました。“hand”という単語から、「実際に自分の手で触れて、肌で感じる」という意味合いが含まれているように思えます。したがって、“hands-on experience”で「現場〔参加〕体験」などと表せます。(ninetails)
render 復習
柄のあるカラフルな下駄が作られているそうです。
Unique geta sandals: New types of traditional wooden footwear go with any outfit
HITA, Oita — Colored carp, sunflowers, zebra prints, and more. Colorful geta wooden sandals with these fancy patterns caught my eye when I visited Motono Hakimono Kogyo, a geta factory in Hita, Oita Prefecture.
“I hope people wear these fashionable geta on various occasions in their daily lives,” Masayuki Motono, the 34-year-old third-generation manager of the factory, said with a smile.
Geta, a traditional Japanese footwear, feels comfortable particularly when worn with bare feet in summer. Stylish geta can greatly add to your fashion.
Geta made at the factory are called “Hita geta” because they’re made of Hita-sugi, a local cedar. Motono said he asked local nail artists and airbrush artists to paint colorful patterns such as flowers and carp on the surfaces and heels of the geta. Some are painted in glitter and some others are rendered in great detail, including flowers with distinctive petals.
以下省略
http://the-japan-news.com/news/article/0003069321
今回取り上げるのはrenderです。renderを『ライトハウス英和辞典』（第5版 研究社）で調べてみますといくつかの意味がありましたが、3つ目の意味に「（格式）（…）を表現する、描写する、演奏する、演ずる、翻訳する」とありました。今回はこの中の「描写する」という意味で用いられていると考えられます。 “are rendered in great detail” で、とても細かいところまで描写されているという意味合いになるのではないかと思われます。
この表現は過去にも取り上げられておりました。(aqua)
doomsday 復習
相模原の障害者施設で起きた殺人事件について、BBCが取り上げております。犯人は19名を殺害したあと自首しました。
記事の中で気になった単語は"doomsday"です。『Wisdom英和辞典第三版』(三省堂)には「(キリスト教で) この世の終わり(の日), 最後の審判の日, 運命の日 ｟不運[悲惨]なことなどが起こると予想される日･時｠」などという意味がありました。Oxford Dictionaries.comには""と定義されております。"doomsday cult"で終末論を説くカルト教団ということですね。(Ume)
Japan knife attack: Suspect's home searched by police
Kanagawa prefecture governor Yuji Kuroiwa said there had been "warning signs" but that it was difficult to say if the attack could have been prevented.
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said after the incident: "The lives of many innocent people were taken away and I am greatly shocked. We will make every effort to discover the facts and prevent a reoccurrence."
Mass killings are extremely rare in Japan, in part because strict gun control laws mean almost no-one has access to a firearm.
8 June 2008 - a man drove a truck into a packed shopping district at Akihabara in Tokyo, before climbing out and randomly stabbing people. Seven people died.
8 June 2001 - man with a history of mental illness stabbed eight children to death at an Osaka primary school in 2001.
20 March 1995 - 13 people die and thousands are made ill when members of a doomsday cult release sarin gas in the Tokyo subway.
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sleepy hamlet
日本でも配信が開始され，至るところで目にするPokemon Go。今回はCNNにあった記事からの引用です。
採り上げるのはsleepy hamletという表現。sleepyはすでにブログで採り上げられていますが，「活気のない〈町・村など〉; 静かな」という意味（『プログレッシブ英和中辞典』小学館）。英英辞書にもa sleepy town or area is very quiet, and not much happens there（LDOCE）とありました。hamletは「(教会・学校のない)小村; 小部落」ですのでsleepy hamletで「閑散とした村」と解釈できます。（Koyamamoto）
cf. http://d.hatena.ne.jp/A30/20121221/1356101872
Could Pokemon Go save a city's economy?
(CNN)Twenty miles away from the demilitarized zone with North Korea lies the seaside town of Sokcho, South Korea. It's a kind of boom town, with a fresh influx of both tourism and industry.
Small towns worldwide dream of growth or just revitalization, and they often invest the little money they have in their coffers to entice companies or families to resettle in their ghost town. Every mayor and city council of a sleepy hamlet would love to figure out the formula for urban resurrection, even if it's a risky, costly proposition. So what is Sokcho's secret? What did they do? How many millions did it cost?
http://edition.cnn.com/2016/07/27/opinions/south-korea-pokemon-go-opinion-danny-cevallos/index.html
