at the hands of
22日, ブレディスローカップがオークランドで開催され, NZ代表のオールブラックスが世界記録となる18連勝を果たしました。
All Blacks set test record
World champions New Zealand were challenged for 50 minutes but still ran in six tries to beat Australia 37-10 in Auckland on Saturday and become the first top-tier nation to win 18 consecutive test matches.
Less than a year after becoming the first country to win back-to-back World Cups and with a much-changed lineup, Steve Hansen’s side bolstered their claim to being the greatest team ever.
中略
New Zealand’s last defeat was at the hands of the Wallabies in Sydney last year but Australia always faced a tall order to break their 30-year Eden Park hoodoo, even if a single try from Rory Arnold was scant consolation for a spirited effort.
以下省略
http://the-japan-news.com/news/article/0003302829
今回取り上げる表現は “at the hands of” です。
『リーダーズ英和中辞典』(研究社)で調べると, 「…の手から[で], …のおかげで[せいで]」とありました。
Merriam-Webster.comには “by or through the action of” と定義されています。
上記の英和辞典によると, “at the hands of” は “at someone’s hand(s) と表現することもできるそうです。後者の例には, “receive a favor at someone’s hands” 「人から好意を受ける」という例が挙げられていました。(Cayu)
spiv
英国の実業家であるフィリップス・グリーン氏は，不正のビジネスで稼いでいるといった意見があるようです。
Next in the stocks … the banks, Blair and the royals
A curious little cameo always plays out at the high court at the end of a day of evidence in the trial of a person accused of a serious sexual crime against women or young children. As the van carrying the accused sweeps out of the gates, a small crowd rushes forward, spitting venom at the alleged perpetrator. The police prevent the mob rushing the vehicle, but in a half-hearted fashion. After all, they seem to be saying, you can hardly blame these good, law-abiding and child-loving citizens for venting their fury at someone who has been accused of such heinous crimes.
In the Commons on Thursday, another mob gathered and assembled stocks, in which they placed the virtual character of Sir Philip Green before spending three hours lobbing rotten food at him. Green was like the former boss of the Mirror group of newspapers, Robert Maxwell; he was an “asset-stripper”. He was “a billionaire spiv” who ought never to have received his knighthood. In fact, to many who sat on the green benches, he was worse than all these things: he had “shamed British capitalism”.
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/oct/22/philip-green-bhs-banks-tony-blair-royal-family
今回取り上げる表現は，“spiv”です。発音記号は，/spív/です。意味を確認してみたところ，『ジーニアス英和辞典』（大修館書店）には，「（しゃれた身なりをした）小悪人」や「うさんくさいやつ」，「やみ屋」とあります。さらにLongman Dictionary of Contemporary Englishを引いてみると，“a man who gets money from small dishonest business deals”と定義されていました。“dishonest”の意味が含まれているようですね。
語源を調べてみると，Etymology Onlineによると，“probably dating back to late 19c. and connected with spiff (see spiffy) in one of its various senses”とあり，“spiff”が関係しているようです。ちなみに，“spiff”には「きちんとしたもの［気の利いたもの］にする」という意味になります。(Nao)
power-hungry #2
台湾は2025年までに原発ゼロにすることを決めました。
Taiwan to end nuclear power generation in 2025
TAIPEI--In a rare move for power-hungry Asia, the Taiwanese government has decided to abolish nuclear power generation by 2025 to meet the public's demand for a nuclear-free society following the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
Taiwan's Executive Yuan, equivalent to the Cabinet in Japan, approved revisions to the electricity business law, which aim to promote the private-sector’s participation in renewable energy projects, on Oct. 20.
“Revising the law shows our determination to promote the move toward the abolition of nuclear power generation and change the ratios of electricity sources,” said President Tsai Ing-wen.
The government plans to start deliberations on the revised bill in the Legislative Yuan, or the parliament, in the near future, with the goal of passing it within this year.
http://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/AJ201610230028.html
今回取り上げるのはpower-hungryです。
直訳の「権力に飢えた」といった意味もありますが、Oxford dictionaries.com.では“using or requiring a lot of electrical power.”との定義がありました。
『英辞郎 on the web』でも「（機器が）電力を大量消費する」とあり、過去にもブログで先生が取り上げられています。
調べてみたところ、2012年の時点でアジアで保有する原子炉の総数は118炉と、文字通り大量の原発によるエネルギーを消費していることから、冒頭で“In a rare move for power-hungry Asia”と表現されていると思われます。(flyingbird)
power-hungry #2
台湾は2025年までに原発ゼロにすることを決めました。
Taiwan to end nuclear power generation in 2025
TAIPEI--In a rare move for power-hungry Asia, the Taiwanese government has decided to abolish nuclear power generation by 2025 to meet the public's demand for a nuclear-free society following the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
Taiwan's Executive Yuan, equivalent to the Cabinet in Japan, approved revisions to the electricity business law, which aim to promote the private-sector’s participation in renewable energy projects, on Oct. 20.
“Revising the law shows our determination to promote the move toward the abolition of nuclear power generation and change the ratios of electricity sources,” said President Tsai Ing-wen.
The government plans to start deliberations on the revised bill in the Legislative Yuan, or the parliament, in the near future, with the goal of passing it within this year.
http://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/AJ201610230028.html
今回取り上げるのはpower-hungryです。
直訳の「権力に飢えた」といった意味もありますが、Oxford dictionaries.com.では“using or requiring a lot of electrical power.”との定義がありました。
『英辞郎 on the web』でも「（機器が）電力を大量消費する」とあり、過去にもブログで先生が取り上げられています。
調べてみたところ、2012年の時点でアジアで保有する原子炉の総数は118炉と、文字通り大量の原発によるエネルギーを消費していることから、冒頭で“In a rare move for power-hungry Asia”と表現されていると思われます。(flyingbird)
clog 復習
日頃から適度な運動をすることは健康に良いですが、運動をするタイミングを間違うと心臓発作に繋がるようです。
Exercise, anger may trigger heart attack
If you’re angry or upset, you might want to simmer down before heading out for an intense run or gym workout. A large, international study ties heavy exertion while stressed or mad to a tripled risk of having a heart attack within an hour.
Regular exercise is a healthy antidote to stress and can help prevent heart disease — the biggest problem is that too many people get too little of it. But the new research suggests there may be better or worse times to exercise, and that extremes can trigger harm.
“This study is further evidence of the connection between mind and body. When you’re angry, that’s not the time to go out and chop a stack of wood,” said Barry Jacobs, a psychologist at the Crozer-Keystone Health System in suburban Philadelphia and an American Heart Association volunteer.
中略
The study’s findings also are biologically plausible. Emotional stress and exertion can raise blood pressure and heart rate, change the flow of blood in the vessels and reduce the heart’s blood supply, said the study leader, Andrew Smyth of McMaster University. In an artery already clogged with plaque, a trigger could block blood flow and lead to a heart attack.
以下省略
http://the-japan-news.com/news/article/0003277118
今回取り上げるのはclogです。『ライトハウス英和辞典』（第5版 研究社）で調べますと、他動詞で「（動きを）妨害する（up）、（管など）を詰まらせる、ふさぐ」という意味が載っておりました。例文には “The pipe is clogged (up) with grease again.” 「またパイプが油で詰まっている。」とあるように、withが共起して用いられるようです。記事内のcloggedはclogの形容詞形になります。Cambridge Free English Dictionaryには “to become blocked or filled so that movement or activity is slowed or stopped, or to cause this to happen” と定義されており、動きや活動がゆっくりになる、もしくは止まるというイメージを表します。
この表現は過去にも取り上げられておりました。（aqua）
clogged#3 - 田邉祐司ゼミ 常時英心：言葉の森から
unclog - 田邉祐司ゼミ 常時英心：言葉の森から
clever-clogs - 田邉祐司ゼミ 常時英心：言葉の森から
the ball is in one's court 復習
欧州連合とカナダが締結を目指す包括的経済貿易協定の調印が不可能となり、カナダはEUを激しく非難しました。
Hope remains for CETA, although Belgium's Walloon region still opposes trade pact
A top European Union official says he remains hopeful a compromise can be found to clear the way for signing a trade pact between Canada and the 28-nation bloc as planned next Thursday, but a lone region in Belgium has affirmed it's not ready to support the agreement.
（中略）
"From Canada's perspective, our work is done," she said on Saturday. "We've done our job, and Canada is ready to sign this agreement. Now the ball is in Europe's court and it's time for Europe to finish doing its job."
http://www.cbc.ca/beta/news/politics/canada-eu-ceta-1.3817190
“the ball is in Europe's court”を取り上げます。『ジーニアス英和辞典』によると“the ball is in your court”で「さあ、次に決めるのは君の番だ」という意味であることがわかりました。以前ブログで取り上げられていますが、由来はテニスからきているようです。カナダ側はもう懸命にやることはやったとしており、今度はヨーロッパが行動する番だとしていることがわかりました。さらにはit's one's moveで「〜の番である」it's one's hands で「〜が運命を握る, 〜の手中にある」という似た表現も使えると思いました。(lua)
The ball is in his court. #3 - 田邉祐司ゼミ 常時英心：言葉の森から
over-the-top 復習
ハロウィンにちなみ気持ち悪い食べ物が登場しています。
Popular bakery in Japan sells “fingers” for Halloween
“Waiter, there’s a bloody finger in my food!”
Halloween in Japan is probably completely different, yet exactly like what one might expect. Over-the-top costumes from the land of cosplay, parties, and gimmicky merch available on every street corner. However, Halloween also gives Japan’s chefs and bakers, who are known for their creativity and meticulous execution, an opportunity to play with their food in ways that may be a little…off-putting, at first.
Take for example the “finger” bread made by Maison Kayser. Complete with realistic wrinkles, red icing that looks even more like blood as it comes to room temperature, and, perhaps the most disgusting part, an almond sliver that closely resembles a fingernail, the only thing that keeps this bread from making you wonder if you are giving into some baser, cannibalistic instincts before you take a healthy bite into it is that it is rather plumper than any actual finger most of us have probably ever seen.
（以下省略）
http://en.rocketnews24.com/2016/10/23/popular-bakery-in-japan-sells-fingers-for-halloween/
今回取り上げる単語は、over-the-topです。
Oxford Dictionary of English (Second Edition Reserved, Oxford University Press)によると、 “remarks, behavior etc that are over-the-top are so extreme or unreasonable that seem stupid or offensive”と載っておりました。 “OTT”とも表記するようです。
『ジーニアス英和辞典』（第五版，大修館）で調べたところ、「度が過ぎて」と載っておりました。英国でよく使われている表現のようです。
また『スポーツ用語辞典』（第三版，三修社）によると、ラグビー用語で「モールやラックで、相手側に倒れこんでプレーしたり、ボールが出るのを妨害したりすること。」と記載されておりました。販促行為にあたるそうです。（Gomez）
throw up 復習
肥満の乗客が飛行機を利用する際、一般の乗客よりも多く支払うべきかどうかで問題となっています。
Should obese passengers pay more to fly?
Airlines want more money from heavy fliers, but some say it's a rights violation.
Airline seats have been one-size-fits-all since the beginning. Today, those 16.5 to 18-inch wide seats are anything but.
According to the World Health Organization(WHO), obesity has more than doubled since 1980. In 2014, more than 1.9 billion adults were overweight, and over 600 million were obese. (WHO defines "overweight" as a BMI greater than or equal to 25 and "obese" as a BMI greater than or equal to 30.)
It’s a trend that has thrown up thorny issues with respect to air travel, one that highlights the conflict between airlines’ needs and basic passenger rights.
Last month, lawyer Giorgio Destro from Padua, Italy sued Emirates, claiming his flight was disrupted by an obese passenger seated next to him. According to reports, Destro was not able to comfortably sit in his assigned seat, and spent much of the nine-hour flight from Cape Town to Dubai standing or sitting in crew seats. His proof for the lawsuit? A selfie that includes his fellow passenger’s arm in his seat space.
http://www.bbc.com/autos/story/20161020-should-obese-passengers-pay-more
取り上げる表現は"throw up"です。
"throw up"と聞くと、「(食べたものを)吐く、もどす」という意味が一般的ですが、ここでは意味が通りません。
『ジーニアス英和辞典』第4版(大修館)で調べてみると、他にも「(問題を)引き起こす、(有名人、指導者、考えなどを)産みだす」や「(対照により)…を目立たせる、(事実などを)明らかにする」などの意味がありました。
今回は、「やっかいな問題を引き起こす」という意味で使われています。
航空会社のニーズと、利用する乗客の平等な権利、両方を考えなければならない難しい問題です。(Akim)
charred 復習
宇都宮市本丸町の宇都宮城址公園付近で爆発音があり、男性１人が死亡、３人が負傷しました。
Japanese suicide pensioner blows himself up in park, injures three others: NHK
A 72 year-old retired soldier blew himself up in a park in the Japanese city of Utsunomiya, killing himself and injuring three other people in an apparent suicide, state broadcaster NHK reported.
A second explosion, separate from the blast that killed the former Self Defence Force member, caused a fire in a nearby parking lot, while the man's home 8 km (5 miles) from the park burnt to the ground, the report said.
The police in the city, which is about 100 km (62 miles)north of Tokyo, said they had discovered a suicide note written by the man and were investigating the three incidents, but did not give further details.
Images broadcast by NHK showed two burnt out cars, one of which belonged to the dead man, about 200 meters (650 feet) from the park and a charred broken bench at the edge of the park, where a folk art festival was underway.
The explosion in the park injured two men aged 64 and 58, who were being treated for shrapnel wounds. The third victim was a 14 year-old school boy, NHK said.
Witnesses told the broadcaster they heard a series of loud explosions.
Suicide rates have declined in Japan in recent years, but remain among the highest in the world, with around 30,000 people a year taking their own lives. Experts have pointed to the financial stress of surviving on small pensions for pushing some retired people to end their lives.
In 2015, a 71 year-old man set himself on fire on a bullet train in an incident that also claimed the life of a 52 year-old woman traveling in the same carriage.
http://www.reuters.com/article/us-japan-blast-idUSKCN12N049
今回取り上げる表現は、“charred”です。『ウィズダム英和辞典』(第３版、三省堂)を引いたところ、「ひどく焼け焦げた、黒焦げの」とありました。
確認のためにLDOCEも引いたところ、“something that is charred has been burned until it is black”と定義されていました。
今回の表現の元は“char”という動詞で、１「〈食べ物など〉を焦がす」、２「〈木など〉を炭にする」とありました(『ウィズダム英和辞典』)。真っ黒になるまで物を焼くことを表現する際に用いる表現なのだと思います。ちなみに、「木炭」を意味する“charcoal”にも今回の表現が含まれています。(Blue Sky)
not lift a finger
ノーベル文学賞受賞が決定したボブ・ディランさんが沈黙を貫いていることに対し、選考委員会からは批判の声が上がっています。
Nobel academy member calls Bob Dylan's silence 'arrogant'
COPENHAGEN, Denmark (AP) -- A member of the Swedish Academy that awarded the 2016 Nobel Prize in literature to Bob Dylan says the American singer-songwriter's silence since receiving the honor is "impolite and arrogant."
中略
"We have agreed not to lift a finger. The ball lies entirely on his half," Wastberg told the newspaper. "You can speculate as much as you want but we don't." He was not immediately available for comments.
http://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20161023/p2g/00m/0in/008000c
今回取り上げるのは、“not lift a finger”という表現です。この表現をCambridge Dictionary Onlineで調べてみると、“to not make any effort to help”と定義されていました。さらに『ジーニアス英和辞典』(大修館書店)には、「少しも〔〜する〕労をとらない、横のものを縦にもしない〔to do〕」とあり、否定文で使われることが多いようです。ここでは、ボブ・ディランさんからの連絡を待ち続けるという選考委員会側の意向が表されています。ちなみに、“lift”を“raise”に代えて“not raise a finger”でも同じ意味になります。(ninetails)
adorned with 復習
新たに江戸時代後期の浮世絵師、葛飾北斎の肉筆画が発見されました。
Western-style ‘Hokusai’ artworks found
NAGASAKI — Six artworks brought back to Europe by German doctor Philipp Franz von Siebold (1796-1866) and owned by a Dutch national museum have been found to be works produced by Katsushika Hokusai (1760-1849).
Matthi Forrer, a senior researcher at the Museum Volkenkunde (National Museum of Ethnology) in Leiden, the Netherlands, revealed the discovery on Saturday at a Siebold-related international academic conference in Nagasaki.
Siebold is known for introducing Western medicine to Japan.
According to Forrer, the six artworks are five watercolors with the landscapes of Nihonbashi, Shinagawa and other areas in the Edo period (1603-1867) as motifs, and one lithograph of an original Hokusai work.
None of these items are adorned with signatures or seals.
http://the-japan-news.com/news/article/0003302278
“adorned with”を取り上げます。もともとラテン語で「…の準備をする」という意味であり、『ジーニアス英和辞典』によると「飾る」「美観を添える」という意味がありました。方向に向かってという接頭辞のadとornedに分けられますが、意味を知ってからornedがornamentによく似ている形だと思いました。
装飾というと花などできらびやかにするようなイメージがあり、具体的な装飾品など何か定義されているかと思いましたが、Camblidge Dictionaryによると"to add something decorative to a person or thing"と定義があり、特に示されているものはありませんでしたが、今回のような「サインや落款はなかったとされている」というようにサインなどにも使う単語であるとわかりました。(lua)
sleeper cell #2
イラクモスルで，イラク軍・トルコ軍・クルド人部隊とISとの戦闘が開始されました。モスル付近にあるバシカと呼ばれる町は，クルド人部隊がISから奪取したようです。しかし，バシカにいる全てのIS戦闘員を掃討したわけではなく，予断を許さない状況には変わりません。また，イラクはトルコの軍事支援を要請しているわけではなく，ISとの戦闘において，足並みが揃っていない可能性もあります。
記事の中で気になった表現は"sleeper cell"です。Oxford Dictionaries.comで調べると"A group of secret agents that have remained inactive for a long period"と書かれておりました。「長期間活動しないスパイ」ということでしょうか。Urban Dictionaryの例文には"Those terrorists pretending to be normal students were the ultimate sleeper cells"とあり，「市民に紛れているテロリスト」を指すようです。(Ume)
Mosul offensive: Turkish and Kurdish forces launch attacks on IS
In an apparent attempt to divert attention from the Mosul offensive, IS militants attacked the town of Rutba, in the western province of Anbar, on Sunday.
An Iraqi military spokesman reported three suicide car bombs in the city but said the situation was now "under control".
The town had been under IS control since 2014, but was taken back into government hands four months ago. Rutba's mayor said IS entered the city through sleeper cells.
As the pressure builds on IS in and around Mosul, the group has been counter-attacking with suicide bombers and launching assaults in other areas.
On Friday, IS launched an attack on the city of Kirkuk, south-east of Mosul. At least 46 people were killed and many more injured. The city remains under curfew and there were reports of continuing sporadic clashes on Sunday.
