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Gary Gutting
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Foucault: A Very Short Introduction (Very Short Introductions) ペーパーバック – 2005/6/16

英語版 Gary Gutting (著)
4.3 5つ星のうち4.3 199個の評価
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Foucault: A Very Short Introduction (Very Short Introductions)
Foucault: A Very Short Introduction (Very Short Introductions)
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Foucault is one of those rare philosophers who has become a cult figure. Born in 1926 in France, over the course of his life he dabbled in drugs, politics, and the Paris SM scene, all whilst striving to understand the deep concepts of identity, knowledge, and power.

From aesthetics to the penal system; from madness and civilisation to avant-garde literature, Foucault was happy to reject old models of thinking and replace them with versions that are still widely debated today. A major influence on Queer Theory and gender studies (he was openly gay and died of an AIDS-related illness in 1984), he also wrote on architecture, history, law, medicine, literature, politics and of course philosophy, and even managed a best-seller in France on a book dedicated to the history of systems of thought.

Because of the complexity of his arguments, people trying to come to terms with his work have desperately sought introductory material that makes his theories clear and accessible for the beginner. Ideally suited for the Very Short Introductions series, Gary Gutting presents a comprehensive but non-systematic treatment of some highlights of Foucault's life and thought. Beginning with a brief biography to set the social and political stage, he then tackles Foucault's thoughts on literature, in particular the avant-garde scene; his philosophical and historical work; his treatment of knowledge and power in modern society; and his thoughts on sexuality.

ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.
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  1. 本の長さ
    124ページ
  2. 言語
    英語
  3. 出版社
    Oxford Univ Pr
  4. 発売日
    2005/6/16
  5. 寸法
    10.8 x 1.27 x 17.15 cm
  6. ISBN-10
    0192805576
  7. ISBN-13
    978-0192805577
  8. すべての詳細を表示
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Review from previous edition 'I can think of nobody in the English speaking world better placed to write a VSI on Foucault than Gary Gutting.' (Simon Critchley (Essex University), author of A Very Short Introduction to Continental Philosophy, on the proposal)

'A first-rate introduction to the work of this difficult thinker, which navigates the complexity of his thought with confidence and clarity' (Professor Todd May, Clemson University, South Carolina)

著者について

Gary Gutting is considered a leading expert on Foucault. Currently Professor of Philosophy at the University of Notre Dame, Gutting has published several works on Foucault, including French Philosophy in the Twentieth Century (CUP, 2001); Michel Foucault's Archaeology of Scientific Reason (CUP, 1989); and was the editor of he Cambridge Companion to Foucault (CUP, 1994).

登録情報

  • 出版社 ‏ : ‎ Oxford Univ Pr (2005/6/16)
  • 発売日 ‏ : ‎ 2005/6/16
  • 言語 ‏ : ‎ 英語
  • ペーパーバック ‏ : ‎ 124ページ
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0192805576
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0192805577
  • 寸法 ‏ : ‎ 10.8 x 1.27 x 17.15 cm
  • カスタマーレビュー:
    4.3 5つ星のうち4.3 199個の評価

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Gary Gutting

Gary Gutting

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Peter Simon Jones
5つ星のうち4.0 An excellent overview
2013年11月6日に日本でレビュー済み
An excellent overview

Of the numerous AVSI2 which I have read this one is by far the best. Professor Gutting takes a very complex and eclectic thinker like M.Foucault and in a very short temporal space sets out the the main influences that not only undergirded the Great Thinker, but which also became apparent later on as he moved through his three great stages: Archaeology, Genealogy, and Problematization.

Although this is not an easy read per se. (how could a book on a giant like M.Foucault be?) it does present a superb academic overview with a wealth of Literature embedded in the text. As a point of departure for a foray into M.Foucault's work, this really cannot be beaten.

I suggest a slow and careful read with a set of highlight pens, extract from the text the key ideas, some of the key influences, the key thinkers in the wings and then go back to those primary sources and follow up what inspires you to research the Great Man further.
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Rodrigo Cesar
5つ星のうち4.0 Excelente entrada aos principais temas da filosofia de Foucault
2021年3月16日にブラジルでレビュー済み
Amazonで購入
Não estou com muito tempo para fazer uma resenha detalhada deste livro, então vou escrever de maneira apressada. Esta é a versão traduzida para o português do volume dedicado ao Foucault da famosa coleção "Cambridge Companion". Foucault foi avesso à possibilidade de sua obra ser lida de maneira unificada. Para ele, seus textos e livros são como "caixas de ferramentas" e não uma rede conceitual sistemática e coerente. Apesar disto, este livro editado por Gary Gutting cumpre bem o papel de apresentar uma introdução crítica e geral aos principais temas, conceitos e desenvolvimentos da obra foucaultiana.

Os dois primeiros artigos são metodológicos e fornecem uma geografia da trama conceitual de Foucault, isto é: esclarecem suas idiossincrasias como historiador; a definição e diferenciação entre arqueologia, genealogia, e problemática; o desenvolvimento do seu pensamento até sua conhecida defesa por uma ética - "estética da existência" -, etc.. Considero estes dois artigos metodológicos uns dos melhores e mais úteis desta coleção repleta de boas sínteses.

No que considero uma segunda parte do livro temos artigos sobre algumas obras de Foucault, "História da Loucura", "Vigiar e Punir", "Arqueologia do Saber", "História da Sexualidade" e temas sobre os quais se debruçou, por exemplo, cuidado de si, morte do sujeito (cogito), um tipo de "ética experimental", etc. Há também nesta parte uma curiosa resenha de um dos mestres de Foucault, Canguilhem, sobre a obra "As Palavras e as Coisas" de Foucault. Mas se trata de uma revisão atípica, pois é mais o caso de "pensar junto" com o texto de Foucault do que "escrever sobre" o livro do Foucault.

Na terceira parte temos a apresentação da relação da filosofia de Foucault com alguns filósofos que supostamente exerceram influência sobre o seu pensamento e outros, que foram seus contemporâneos, que serviram como interlocutores e críticos. Então temos um artigos discutindo a influência de Heidegger e, principalmente, de Nietzsche sobre o seu pensamento; um longo artigo que faz um balanço do debate entre Foucault e Habermas e que, no final, aponta mais para aspectos convergentes que divergentes entre as duas filosofias. Há ainda um artigo que mapeia a influência do que Foucault chamou de fenomenologia psicológica na sua obra inicial e que posteriormente foi abandonada por ele.

Há uma última sessão com tópicos mais gerais que não se enquadram nas sessões precedentes, são eles: um curioso artigo de psicanálise aplicada que discute a relação ambivalente de Foucault para com a obra de Freud; um artigo que discute a relação da obra do Foucault com a modernismo literário e, finalmente, um terceiro artigo que trata da recepção da obra de Foucault por diferentes teóricos do movimento feminista.

Embora os artigos aqui abarquem uma grande parte da obra do Foucault, há pelo menos duas ausências notáveis: 1) a relação de Foucault com o marxismo e 2) os estudos de Foucault sobre a evolução do liberalismo e neoliberalismo. Sendo este livro originalmente publicado, se não me engano, em 2003, ou seja, antes da publicação oficial do curso "O Nascimento da Biopolítica" em 2004, é justificada a ausência de 2), mas a omissão de um texto sobre 1) é injustificável.

Retirei uma estrela apenas em decorrência das omissões supracitadas. Quanto aos artigos que compõe o livro considero todos de boa qualidade e, diferente do que ouço falar sobre a tradução desta coleção para o português, a tradução me pareceu muito boa.
9人のお客様がこれが役に立ったと考えています
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Daisy Jervis
5つ星のうち5.0 A Clear and Concise Guide for Theatre Students
2021年2月13日に英国でレビュー済み
Amazonで購入
A great guide for theatre students writing essays surrounding the themes of Foucault. It gives a clear overview prior to further research, if new to these theories.
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QM
5つ星のうち5.0 Excellent purchase
2019年6月3日にインドでレビュー済み
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Excellent purchase
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Amazon Customer
5つ星のうち5.0 A Short But Fantastic Introduction to Foucault
2016年3月23日にアメリカ合衆国でレビュー済み
Amazonで購入
“Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely.” This maxim is often attributed to Lord Acton but it fits in perfectly with the views of the French philosopher Michael Foucault. For Foucault, many of the modern systems of punishment and politics are not as progressive as some would assume but are instead concentrated places of power that are less open to radical criticism as they were in the past.

An excellent introduction to Foucault’s work was written by Gary Gutting and is part of the Very Short Introduction series out of Oxford University Press. It is a short work and can be read in a little under three or four hours depending on the pace at which one reads. Though often dense, Gutting’s work is not pedantic and his writing is very clear. He covers the spectrum of Foucault’s thoughts on history, politics, punishment, and even sex.

It is difficult to boil down all of Foucault’s thoughts but there are a few that Gutting gets to that are of interest to me. The first has to do with historical method and the history of ideas and there are two ideas that Gutting discusses as it relates to Foucault: archaeology and genealogy. “Foucault begins with the fact that, at any given period in a given domain, there are substantial constraints on how people are able to think.” (32) Foucault is not simply addressing linguistic or logical concerns but is interested in how ideas that are now considered obvious were once considered unthinkable. There are rules that restrict our range of thought and by uncovering those rules we can then make sense of the constraints on our thinking. (33) Foucault “thinks that individuals operate in a conceptual environment that determines and limits them in ways of which we cannot be aware.” (33)

For Foucault, history should not be thought of in a mere narrative style. It is not a novel with an intentional plot or teleology. Instead, the archaeologist of thought’s job was to see why people thought they way they did and to uncover the systems in place that restrained them. By understanding this we can liberate our own thoughts (to a degree).

A similar idea is that of genealogy by which Foucault meant “a historical causal explanation that is material, multiple, and corporeal.” (47) Foucault’s purpose in his method was to show that our institutions and our practices are thoroughly human. Gutting notes that Foucault is following Nietzsche and points out that the German philosopher’s genealogies differ in some regards but are the paradigm of Foucault’s own method. At the heart of this genealogy is the questioning of the basis for our systems of thought.

Another interesting section of Gutting’s book on Foucault involves his concept of “the mad.” In modern society, the “mad” are known as the “mentally insane” and a variety of clinical diagnoses are available to categorize them and, in many cases, lock them away. In his book HISTORY OF MADNESS, Foucault uncovers the history of what he considered to be a “creditable challenge to normality” (71). In previous societies the mad were “fools” who offered an alternative wisdom that could be appreciated in its own way. But in the modern era we have turned to science to “correct” these poor, degenerate spirits. “His history,” writes Gutting of Foucault’s work, “suggests that the identification was, on the contrary, introduced as a means of legitimating the authority of physicians in the asylum once the idea of a distinctively moral therapy was abandoned.” (74) In other words, this was nothing more than a power play where concentrations of knowledge held inevitable sway, the mad being the victims.

Similarly, the penal system in the West plays on this exact power dynamic. Foucault argued that we assume progress has been made because we no longer execute people in barbaric fashion but that is simply not true. Now, with private prisons, criminals are locked behind closed doors and we cannot see what is happening and what injustices are being perpetrated. Foucault favored the Panopticon, a central tower looking over cells encompassing it all around. This allowed transparency and, per Foucault, induced “in the inmate a state of consciousness and permanent visibility that assures the automatic functioning of power.” (84) This is part of Foucault’s view of “hierarchical observation,” that is to say that we can affect people’s behavior by observing them.

Gutting’s book concludes with two chapters on sex which cover the modern views of sexual norms as well as the contrast between ancient views of sex and Christian ideals. This too is about power and control and Foucault uses his archaeological method to understand it. (104)

Power is at the heart of much of what Foucault wrote and Gutting’s book gives us a glimpse into the Frenchman’s world. If you are interested in a general survey of Michel Foucault, give Gutting’s Very Short Introduction to him a try.
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Anka
5つ星のうち4.0 „Knowledge is not made for understanding; it is made for cutting“
2015年3月10日にドイツでレビュー済み
Amazonで購入
Michel Foucault is among the most important philosophers of the 20th century, and a rather difficult one to survey his works and thoughts in an introductory overview. This difficulty has several reasons, one is indicated as Foucault himself asked his readers: 'Do not ask who I am and do not ask me to remain the same.' ('Archaeology of Knowledge') ' obviously, he did not intent to remain the same throughout his works. In addition, he apparently admitted to American philosopher John Searle that his writing was expected to be partly incomprehensible to be taken seriously. Not least, in his works Foucault was tackling the historical nature of knowledge and power, analysing it e. g. in his 'archaeology of knowledge'.

For a very short introduction, there is thus a lot of ground to cover. The first three chapters are concerning Foucault's life, literature, politics and his own involvement in political activism. It is detailed that Foucault is as hard to pin down personally as from his works - partly, this may not come as a surprise: ''we know too little about Foucault's personal life to do anything more than speculate about its relation to his work.' (p. 4) While these chapters may come across as a somewhat slow start to the Foucaultian topics, they infact all revolve around the inherent ambiguitites and possibilities for self-expression and revolt, which will become later again important in Foucault's 'ultimately political agenda' (p. 9) of his 'histories'.

Consecutive chapters than cover thematically all that Foucault is best known for: archaeology, genealogy, power, madness, discipline, sex. The presentation in the chapters on archaeology, genealogy, and the 'masked philosopher' get to the core of Foucaults thought. Foucault traces back to the Kantian question on knowledge and its possibility, and his ideas are well outlined here. Foucault deviates from Kant and his search for metaphysical constraints of logic and understanding by shifting attention to the historical and social constraints of understanding (Foucault's 'epistemes'), thereby replacing logic and its limitations by power and its cognitive control mechanisms. Knowledge becomes something else than insight, it is rather the effect of regulative norms of a discourse.

Foucault thus still sets out with the concept of truth but puts it to the test in the face of intellectual history: 'His archaeologies show how it is often relative to the contingent historical frameworks it is supposed to transcend, his genealogies show how it is entwined with the power and domination from which it is supposed to free us.' (p. 109)

The archaeological method and genealogical approach not only describe the origin of historical contingencies, but of historical contingencies masked as necessities. Accordingly, a genealogy aims further than the description of historical contingencies and is implicitly political, as it also uncovers the possibilities so far neglected.

Foucault is not an easy thinker to introduce. The book is at some points a somewhat difficult to follow because it provides both a summary and an exegesis of Foucault. It is overall well written, but may need some careful reading as, despite the topical organisation, several strands of Foucaults (developing) thoughts contact again at later topics in his work.

An aspect that is largely and probably somewhat surprisingly lacking is the evaluation of the reception and influence Foucalt had and has on the disciplines he analysed. This is certainly true for his impulses in historical epistemology, but also for historical and philosophical analysis of life sciences, or the evaluation of his work by Jürgen Habermas. Yet, the text repeatedly discusses and critically evaluates Foucalts positions. Probably the author wanted to give an intrinsic analysis, rather than an extrinsic one through the eyes of Foucaults readers (now and than). Under this premise, the analysis of Foucaults work is condensed and inviting to look for the original texts behind these 110 pages.
After all, with any interest in the subjects of Foucault, one can't escape reading his original works.
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