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Chris Wickham
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Framing the Early Middle Ages: Europe and the Mediterranean, 400-800 ペーパーバック – 2007/2/8

英語版 Chris Wickham (著)
4.4 5つ星のうち4.4 36個の評価
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The Roman empire tends to be seen as a whole whereas the early middle ages tends to be seen as a collection of regional histories, roughly corresponding to the land-areas of modern nation states. As a result, early medieval history is much more fragmented, and there have been few convincing syntheses of socio-economic change in the post-Roman world since the 1930s. In recent decades, the rise of early medieval archaeology has also transformed our source-base, but this has not been adequately integrated into analyses of documentary history in almost any country.
In Framing the Early Middle Ages Chris Wickham combines documentary and archaeological evidence to create a comparative history of the period 400-800. His analysis embraces each of the regions of the late Roman and immediately post-Roman world, from Denmark to Egypt. The book concentrates on classic socio-economic themes, state finance, the wealth and identity of the aristocracy, estate management, peasant society, rural settlement, cities, and exchange. These give only a partial picture of the period, but they frame and explain other developments.
Earlier syntheses have taken the development of a single region as 'typical', with divergent developments presented as exceptions. This book takes all different developments as typical, and aims to construct a synthesis based on a better understanding of difference and the reasons for it.
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  1. 本の長さ
    990ページ
  2. 言語
    英語
  3. 出版社
    Oxford Univ Pr
  4. 発売日
    2007/2/8
  5. 寸法
    23.47 x 5 x 15.8 cm
  6. ISBN-10
    0199212961
  7. ISBN-13
    978-0199212965
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a tremendous achievement, demonstrating mastery over half a dozen fields of scholarship. ― David Abulafia, THES

Wickham's work is groundbreaking ... Some of his conclusions may and should be debated, but they rest on an array of evidence and on a series of complex atguments that further discussions should not ignore. ― Walter Pohl, Speculum

著者について

Chris Wickham received his DPhil from Oxford in 1975. He was Professor of Early Medieval History at the University of Birmingham until his appointment as Chichele Professor of Early Medieval History at the University of Oxford in 2005. He has been editor of Past and Present since 1995.

登録情報

  • 出版社 ‏ : ‎ Oxford Univ Pr (2007/2/8)
  • 発売日 ‏ : ‎ 2007/2/8
  • 言語 ‏ : ‎ 英語
  • ペーパーバック ‏ : ‎ 990ページ
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0199212961
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0199212965
  • 寸法 ‏ : ‎ 23.47 x 5 x 15.8 cm
  • カスタマーレビュー:
    4.4 5つ星のうち4.4 36個の評価

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塩屋　宇兵衛
5つ星のうち5.0 Worth to read through.
2023年4月10日に日本でレビュー済み
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This book presents maybe a grainy but definite image of western societies in early middle age. In dearth of good books on the subject, it offers credible views on this historical time. The vast details this book forces to check perhaps are a bit tiresome to keep up. But probably they are needed to place the book on sure ground. A good book to get a reliable picture of early middle age.
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Anna Lorusso
5つ星のうち5.0 Excellent
2013年8月17日に英国でレビュー済み
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Extremely useful for my history degree. Recommended to all who wish to have an overall opinion on the topic at hand.
2人のお客様がこれが役に立ったと考えています
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John E. Mack
5つ星のうち5.0 Sure to set the standard on the Subject
2008年8月30日にアメリカ合衆国でレビュー済み
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This is a monumental review of the economic and social histories of the former provinces of the Roman Empire between the penetration of the empire by the barbarians and the imperial coronation of Charlemagne. Along with the Origins of the European Economy, this book is likely to be the standard social and economic survey of the dark ages for years to come. The author surveys each of the major territorial regions of the fomer Roman Empire region-by-region, and slowly develops his theses. These include: (1) a "soft-fall" view of the disintegration of the Western Empire, concluding that many of its structures were in place well into the seventh century and gradually were melded into the less sophisticated successor states of Western Europe; (2) a taxation-driven notion of the state, concluding that the major factor distinguishing Rome and Roman power from that of successor states is that Rome had an elaborate and relatively efficient tax system, and that the successor states did not; (3) a regionalist approach to conclusions, finding that things changed in different degrees in different ways throughout the territories of the Roman Empire -- slowly and relatively little in the East, massively in Britain, in odd ways in Spain and Gaul; (4) a picture of transformation from peasant-based society to feudal society, occurring rather later than many historians would allow; (5) a strong de-emphasis on barbarian wars and conquests as an explanation for these transformations; and (5) a peasant's eye view of the transformation from Roman Empire to the Middle Ages.

It is in the latter that the only real problem with the book arises. The author is so pro-peasant in his view that he takes what could be called a "Xena" view of medieval class struggles. In Xena (and Conan, and Red Sonya, and 10,000 B.C., to name but a few sword-and-sorcery potboilers) there is a familiar scene where the peaceful peasants are going about their village business, talking to each other and carrying out their daily tasks, while a band of heavily-armed thugs is approaching the village on horseback, ready to destroy it with fire and sword. In this author's world, heavily-financed aristocrats are about to encroach on an idylic and egalitarian peasant world, forcing the formerly free peasantry to pay rent, work harder, and have more children. In what is perhaps his most radical claim, the author suggests that the serious decline in population from the late empire to about 700 A.D. was due, not to war, pestilence, famine and occupation but -- family planning! He admits that he cannot prove this, but it is clearly an idea which attracts him. I am dubious -- it is difficult to think of any other society between the birth of agriculture and the industrial revolution where the bulk of the population did not breed to its Malthusian limit, and the claim that early medieval Europe was an exception would require a good deal of proof.

That said, this is a wonderful book. Even its bias supplies a point of view which has been the subject of all-too-little factual analysis in the past. And by focusing on social relations above all, the author presents a very different view of the dark ages than that usually presented in our histories. Far from being a time of barbarism and decay, the early Middle Ages (the author balks at the term "dark ages") were a period of relative prosperity, equality, and good relations compared to what was to come.
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Karl Allen
5つ星のうち5.0 Excellent, difficult, scholarly book
2021年10月29日にアメリカ合衆国でレビュー済み
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The history of the Early Middle Ages describes a fascinating time of hardship, novelty and possibility. But it was called a "Dark Age" for a reason. We have the usual stuff of history: narratives of kings and bishops and an occasional queen. About economics and society we have mostly guessed, or made things up. These guesses have frequently supported national origin stories of dubious historicity.
Wickham's tome does much to address this. He looks at the entire Mediterranean basin, with heavy side trips to Denmark and the British Isles. He uses scattered data from archaeology, charters, and side-remarks in tales to build an analysis of how things went for aristocrats, peasants, trade and cities in the Early Middle Ages.
This is a scholarly work. If it irritates you to look up "euergetism" then read something else. If you want stirring tales of warrior deeds, and don't care for the detective work needed to figure out if peasants were paying rents in kind or in cash, go elsewhere. But if you are curious to know how kingdoms got paid for, and don't mind careful, lengthy, scholarly prose, this book is great.
I struggled a bit with Wickham's use of Marxist historical models. Tying one's work to a failed 19th century philosophy seems unwise. But this far back in history there is little harm done, and if you read carefully, Wickham takes liberties with traditional Marxist models to make them fit data. Marxist materialism means that Wickham ignores important topics like religion, women's studies, intellectual history and ethnicity, but in a book pushing 1000 pages he can't cover everything.
Recommended, but not for the young or the casual.
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Tilak
5つ星のうち5.0 Towering achievement
2009年3月28日に英国でレビュー済み
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Perhaps a little too anxious to lighten the impact of the dark ages after the fall of Rome, but a breadth of scholarship that will be hard to match in the future.
5人のお客様がこれが役に立ったと考えています
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David A. Storm
5つ星のうち5.0 History Buff
2009年6月29日にアメリカ合衆国でレビュー済み
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WOW, this is some book; one to study. It took me a while to read it, and I am going to do it again. What scholarship; I am amazed that some one can assimilate so much, and synthesize such a broad prospective. If you want to get a picture of what happened at the end of the Western Empire, this is the book for you. My only criticism is that Wickham is not a Hemingway. It is pretty slow going for us Americans. There are lots of parenthical expressions, in the middle of a sentence; and colons and semicolons to join related, but independent, thoughts. I am not a professional historian, and I do not understand some of his arguments. Large scale systems of exchange broke down, and in general the aristocrats became poorer, and less powerful. Apparently the peasants were not taxed as much, or contolled as much. Should'nt this result in a more flowering in an economy? He writes there was a decrease in population, but none, or little productive land was taken out of production. Did everybody work harder; producing the same amount as when the large scale systems of echange were operating, even though they had no place to sell it? Did they decide to spend more time with their kids, and only produce what they needed, even if they were not making efficient use of the land? I am sure there is a simple explanation. That is why this is a book for me to study.
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