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Spies: The Rise and Fall of the KGB in America ハードカバー – 2009/5/26

英語版 John Earl Haynes (著), Harvey Klehr (著), Mr. Alexander Vassiliev (著)

4.6 113個の評価

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This stunning book, based on KGB archives that have never come to light before, provides the most complete account of Soviet espionage in America ever written. In 1993, former KGB officer Alexander Vassiliev was permitted unique access to Stalin-era records of Soviet intelligence operations against the United States. Years later, living in Britain, Vassiliev retrieved his extensive notebooks of transcribed documents from Moscow. With these notebooks John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr have meticulously constructed a new, sometimes shocking, historical account.

Along with general insights into espionage tactics and the motives of Americans who spied for Stalin, Spies resolves specific, long-seething controversies. The book confirms, among many other things, that Alger Hiss cooperated with Soviet intelligence over a long period of years, that journalist I. F. Stone worked on behalf of the KGB in the 1930s, and that Robert Oppenheimer was never recruited by Soviet intelligence. Spies also uncovers numerous American spies who were never even under suspicion and satisfyingly identifies the last unaccounted for American nuclear spies. Vassiliev tells the story of the notebooks and his own extraordinary life in a gripping introduction to the volume.

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本の長さ

704ページ
言語

英語
出版社

Yale University Press
発売日

2009/5/26
寸法

15.57 x 4.45 x 23.5 cm
ISBN-10

0300123906
ISBN-13

978-0300123906
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"So outstandingly authoritative and convincing is this material that it will take an honored place alongside the basic sources on Soviet espionage in the United States. Here, the heart of the KGB is laid out as never before."—Tennent Bagley, author of Spy Wars

(Tennent Bagley)

“This work should serve as the final salvo in the long battle between those who are still in denial regarding KGB espionage in America in the 1930s and 40s and those who assert that this story must be told.”—David Murphy, author of What Stalin Knew (David Murphy)

“An original and important book based on scholarship of the highest standards.”—Hayden B. Peake, former Army and CIA intelligence officer (Hayden B. Peake)

"Using now available Soviet sources, this valuable book tells the sobering and frightening story of the extent to which ideology will blind clever people and lead them to betray their country, democracy and freedom."—Paul Johnson, author of A History of the American People
(Paul Johnson)

“This is an important book for students of history and espionage.”—Philadelphia Inquirer (Philadelphia Inquirer 2009-06-14)

"[The book] succeeds as an indictment of an entire era in which some of the nation's best and brightest sold their souls to a foreign master—and as a stinging, definitive rebuttal to those who have defended Alger Hiss all of these years."—Justin Raimondo, The American Conservative (Justin Raimondo American Conservative 2009-08-01)

"[Spies] shows how the Soviets went about the business of spying, its failures and successes, and, most interestingly, the names of the Americans from whom the KGB received information."—Alex Kingsbury, US News & World Report

(Alex Kingsbury US News & World Report)

“John Earl Haynes, Harvey Klehr, and Alexander Vassiliev present persuasive evidence.”--Commonweal (Commonweal)

Finalist for the 2009 Book of the Year Award, presented by ForeWord magazine (Book of the Year Award ForeWord Magazine 2010-01-01)

“This magisterial book transcends the old debates and paradigms, and provides the most complete and thorough account of what Soviet espionage agents actually did in the United States.”--Ronald Radosh, The Weekly Standard

(Ronald Radosh The Weekly Standard)

著者について

John Earl Haynes is a modern political historian in the Manuscript Division, the Library of Congress. He lives in Kensington, MD. Harvey Klehr is Andrew W. Mellon Professor of Politics and History, Emory University. He lives in Atlanta, GA. Haynes and Klehr are coauthors of Venona. Alexander Vassiliev, journalist, novelist, and coauthor with Allen Weinstein of The Haunted Wood: Soviet Espionage in America, now lives in the UK.

登録情報

出版社 ‏ : ‎ Yale University Press (2009/5/26)
発売日 ‏ : ‎ 2009/5/26
言語 ‏ : ‎ 英語
ハードカバー ‏ : ‎ 704ページ
ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0300123906
ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0300123906
寸法 ‏ : ‎ 15.57 x 4.45 x 23.5 cm

Amazon 売れ筋ランキング: - 497,679位洋書 (洋書の売れ筋ランキングを見る)
- - 660位Political Intelligence
- - 1,086位Russian & Former Soviet Union Politics
- - 1,410位Russian History

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ジョン・ア−ル・ヘインズ
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Denis Zakharov

Quick and comfortable! Sending to Russia!

2019年12月7日に英国でレビュー済み

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I liked the product! Very good service. Quick and comfortable. Thank you for sending to Russia! Yes, It's very important feature! Good luck to your business.

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Emgeecee

The "Golden-Age" of Soviet espionage in America

2009年5月5日にアメリカ合衆国でレビュー済み

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Like Hugo's fictional Inspector Javert, historians Haynes and Klehr are dogged in the pursuit of their quarry--American communists who betrayed their country through covert relationships with the KGB in the 1930s and 40s. Nevermind the fact that the Statute of Limitations has long since expired on these crimes, or that the characters themselves were long ago swept into the dust bin of history, the historians have devoted their careers to exposing the perfidy of secret communists, and to hauling their corpses, time and again, before the court of public opinion. It is the historians' investigative spadework and their constrained sense of justice at long last being served which provides the narrative drive to "Spies: The Rise and Fall of the KGB in America."

Much of the evidence presented in the book is drawn from the notebooks of the Russian journalist Alexander Vassiliev. In 1993 Vassiliev was granted limited access to the KGB's operational files for the 1930s and 1940s. His transcripts of pages from these files would eventually fill 8 notebooks comprising more than 1000 pages. Summaries of the documents were used in writing the book "The Haunted Wood (1998)," which Vassiliev co-authored with Allen Weinstein. In a lengthy introduction to "Spies," Vassiliev tells the story of his notebooks and his defamation suit against the publisher Frank Cass. He also paints a sympathetic portrait of the American spies, whom he views as heroes, which helps to counterbalance the more severe portrait painted by Haynes and Klehr.

The authors open the book by revisiting the Hiss case in a chapter subtitled "Case Closed." Aside from conspiracy theorists for whom there exists no untainted Hiss evidence, it seems impossible not to agree with the authors' contention that Hiss was a committed communist and a Red Army (GRU) source until his exposure in 1948. Some of the evidence in this chapter was documented earlier by Vassiliev in the "Haunted Wood," and the lengthier treatment given here by Haynes and Klehr fully corroborates the sixty-year-old testimony of Hede Massing and Whittaker Chambers. The authors cite new evidence from the KGB files of Michael Straight and Lawrence Duggan which confirms Hiss's bona-fides as a GRU agent. They also argue persuasively, using both Venona and Vassiliev material, that Hiss was the agent cover named JURIST, LEONARD, and ALES; and they supply the likely identity of the party worker, cover named PAUL, who became Hiss's liaison with the GRU following Whittaker Chamber's defection.

For readers interested in the atom-bomb spies, the book is a treasure-trove of new information. The Venona decrypts exposed the damaging Los Alamos spies MLAD (Theodore Alvin Hall) and STAR (Saville Sax), but researchers were unable to identify all the people behind the cover names in the decrypted Soviet cables. The masks have now been ripped from the faces of these spies. The authors reveal the name of PERS/FOGEL, an engineer recruited into espionage by Julius Rosenburg; the name of QUANTUM, a foriegn scientist who, in exchange for money, delivered atomic information to the Soviet Embassy in Washington D.C.; the name of ERIC, a refugee Austrian physicist at the Cavendish Laboratory who provided atomic research to the Soviets in Great Britain; and the name of RELE/SERB, the crippled Spanish Civil War veteran who supplied technical data on sonar. After sifting the evidence, the authors conclude that Robert Oppenheimer was a concealed member of the CPUSA in the late 30s, but that he distanced himself from the party and did not supply information to the KGB. Unfortunately, Vassiliev was granted access to only a single file pertaining to atomic espionage and the authors can shed no new light on the continuing debate about whether the Soviets obtained the secret of the hydrogen bomb from penetration agents.

The chapters on the U.S. government and the OSS corroborate the testimony of Elizabeth Bentley, the "Red Spy Queen," and supplement the voluminous FBI "Silvermaster File." The names of many heretofore unknown secret KGB agents are also revealed. Certainly two of the most interesting and colorful are LEO, an immigrant journalist, and WILLY, the Director of the Bureau of Indexes and Archives at the State Department. This mercenary pair engaged in a racket selling copies of State Department cables to the KGB for money. When they pretended to recruit a third agent and asked the KGB for a larger sum, their greed was discovered. The pair had a falling out and their names disappear from the KGB files, though in a curious twist of fate, WILLY would later appear as a government expert in the Hiss case. The authors expose spy after spy and it is by this slow, mounting presentation of evidence that the reader is led to the conclusion that far more Americans, operating on a far larger scale than had been previously imagined, conspired with the KGB in the 1930-40s. The apparatus employed Americans as couriers, talent spotters, watchers, journalists, bagmen, legitimate fronts, photographers, and agent handlers. There were hundreds of Americans who secretly abetted Stalin's KGB.

To meet the needs of Stalin's policy of forced industrialization, the KBG actively recruited spies with technical/scientific information. Some acted as paid informants, while others, such as the Rosenburgs, were motivated by ideology. The past two decades have not been kind to Rosenburg defenders. In 1995 the Venona decrypts identified Julius as the Soviet spy with the cover names LIBERAL and ANTENNA; in 2001 Alexander Feklisov, the Rosenburg's Soviet handler, published "The Man Behind the Rosenburgs;" and in September 2008 Rosenburg accomplice Morton Sobell, after decades of denial, confessed that he was an active participant in Julius's spy apparatus. Haynes and Klehr add to our knowledge of the Rosenburg apparatus by exposing the agents PERS and TUK, and by pointing out that Rosenburg agents YAKOV, METER, and HUGHES delivered an extraordinary cache of classified technical information to the Soviets. The only reasonable act left in this drama is for the Russian government to admit that the Rosenburgs were Soviet spies and to build a monument in their honor.

The book is arranged as a series of topically related biographical sketches and one criticism of Haynes and Klehr is that they do not provide enough context for readers unfamiliar with the ideological landscape of the 1930s. The book does not help us to understand why so many Americans joined the communist party in the 1930s and why a number became witting agents for the Comintern, GRU, and KGB. And it also does not give a clear explanation as to why many of these same people abandoned their communist faith in the years prior to McCarthy's speech at Wheeling. It is ironic that the fortunes of the KBG in American were at their lowest ebb at precisely the moment when the 1950's "Red Scare" began. Readers can gain a greater understanding of the milieu by seeking out Vivian Gornick's "The Romance of American Communism" or Whittaker Chamber's autobiography "Witness."

For many years, "Spies" will remain the definitive history of the golden-age of Soviet espionage in America.

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Polarbear

Very interesting. In-depth historical fact, not exciting fiction. A maddening story of betrayal and treachery.

2018年7月12日にアメリカ合衆国でレビュー済み

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This book was fascinating. I would give it 5 stars, but it is a rather dry historical record. This is not an engaging read that kept me turning the pages with anticipation, but a maddening and frustrating story of treachery and betrayal. This is a book about people who betrayed their country to sell it out to the Soviet Union. It chronicles the history of the KGB's operations in America in roughly the 1930s-1950s. There are a variety of books about Soviet espionage in America, some written by defectors and former spy handlers, themselves, i.e. Oleg Kalugin or Victor Suvorov. They're great books, by the way.

This book is unique, however, in that it was the result of a very brief, very special, very rare period of openness right after the Cold War ended when the KGB uncharacteristically experimented with openness. At that point, the leadership of the KGB decided to open their files to tell the story of Soviet spy operations in America. Originally, they planned to produce at least 3 books on real KGB operations in America from the 30s-50s, a period of time that is recent enough to be very interesting to American readers, yet long enough ago that nobody actually involved was likely to still be alive.

This unheard-of access was only permitted because the reporter was a former KGB agent, himself, who was considered reliable. The KGB tried to limit what the reporter had access to, but the poor organization of their old files prevented them from exercising much control over what he saw. He stated one of the KGB's fundamental policies is to never confirm a source who hasn't already confessed his involvement with the KGB. That's their commitment to their spies, even if they've been caught, and why many tantalizing files were denied him. For the files that were off-limits, he found an alternate route to the information by using the old Communist Party USA (CPUSA) files, which are also stored in Moscow. He also used the Venona Papers, thousands of partially-decrypted US and allied intercepts of Soviet communications from the 1940s.

The results of this exhaustive research is a very rare look at the Soviet side of espionage during and after WWII in the early Cold War. The topics are fascinating, such as the Manhattan Project and the Rosenbergs, Soviet spies in the State Dept, Soviet penetration of the OSS at nearly all levels, Congressman Dickstein, who approached the Soviets to trade his inside knowledge and votes for money, and the Soviets' extensive technical and military technology spying. If things had been different in the early 1990s, we might have seen more information come out, but the new feelings of openness quickly hardened and institutional paranoia returned and the author felt compelled to flee Russia for his own safety. His notes were, thankfully, smuggled out and published in this book.

Finally, we can see what the Soviets had on Alger Hiss and Whitaker Chambers, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, famous reporters, like I.F. Stone, and even the Soviet files on Ernest Hemingway (did you know he was a named KGB source?!). The source is unimpeachable; it's the KGB's own files. This makes the book rather exciting and provocative-it names the names and settles the furor from the 1950s anti-Communist trials that has been a source of bitter contention for decades. Despite what die-hard believers think, Alger Hiss was a traitor. You can read his handler's notes on his ham-handed interactions with other "Fellow Travelers." You can read the KGB notes on the damage Elizabeth Bentley and Whitaker Chambers were doing to their operations, which ultimately helped wreck Soviet operations in the US for years afterwards. You can read their detailed instructions on how to recognize each other and what codewords they used, their psychological studies of their sources, and how they conducted operations.

I found the book very dry at times. It is not an exciting action-thriller, but a factual discussion of who did it, how they did it, what they did, and what happened afterwards. It frequently repeats material regarding the same spy rings in different sections and chapters. Since one spy ring might have several high-profile spies, i.e. the Rosenberg Ring, it's unavoidable that information from Julius' operations might be repeated in Ethel's section. That same information might crop up again in another chapter when their handler is discussed in another operation. The authors were exhaustive in providing the facts to clear up the mysteries. While this makes the book great history, it also makes for some dry parts.

One of the maddening aspects of the book was the almost Keystone Cops quality of the US counterintelligence operations of that period. US security organizations were not very effective or organized in this period. The OSS, for instance, didn't even care if they hired known Communist agents if they could help fight Fascists. Worse, the FBI's own counterintelligence operation was penetrated by a spy for some time, who passed on all their suspects and operations to the KGB. The only area the government really tried to root out Communist spies was the Manhattan Project, and they were fairly good at it for a while.

Reading the KGB's own descriptions of the amateurish, careless, risky actions of these high-profile spies and their sometimes entire lack of discretion is only less shocking than the fact they were almost never caught. Alger Hiss, for instance, practically told everyone he met who lefty he was a spy. He even tried to recruit others who were already-recruited Soviet agents, creating headaches for their handlers. One young newly-recruited KGB agent just starting at the Dept. of State spotted Hiss immediately as a spy, despite not knowing him or his status. If this kid could tell, how in blazes did the intelligence services not catch him for so long?!?

Also fascinating was reading just how far the Soviets controlled the Communist Party USA (CPUSA). They owned it from top to bottom. That may seem obvious to people now, but at the time, many American Communists had no idea they were effectively supporting the USSR. The CPUSA acted as a talent spotting operation and sometime support service for the Soviets, helping connect potential sources to the KGB, running operations and spies for the KGB, and transferring entire networks of recruits to the KGB. Many spies originally thought they were merely helping the CPUSA and the KGB was slow to explain where their reports actually went. Agents noted some recruits figured out where their reports were going, especially when tasked with targeting data of value to Moscow.

Something else I found interesting was how loosely-organized these operations could be. The KGB had a very hard time controlling their agents, controlling their sources, and getting them to follow orders or use practical tradecraft. Some spies dutifully, even exhaustively, worked to get every document, photo, and detail they could. Some stole so many documents, the KGB had to issue them a full-time assistant just for taking photographs and writing messages for transmit to Moscow. Others were unreliable, failed to attend their own meetings, refused to follow instructions, and in at least one case, even invented their own sub-sources to cheat the KGB out of additional pay.

Also interesting was reading the author's comments on how he sees these people. Here, in America, it is perfectly legitimate to consider them the lowest form of traitors and scumbags, while to a Russian patriot and sometime KGB agent, like the author, these people were heroes who bravely faced prison and universal public condemnation to help his country against the Nazis and the anti-Russian US Government. He defends them as patriots who saw a greater duty than to their own nation, or who felt the Communist system was the only balance to the US' superpower status, or who thought the USSR was the only nation working for true international peace. I don't agree at all with these views, but it's interesting to see someone else presenting them as a total outsider in our own culture.

If you are interested in topics, like the KGB, Soviet intelligence in general, Soviet spies in America, and what really happened in the "Red Terror" of the 1950s, this book will probably interest you. It is a scholarly work, not fiction or politically-motivated propaganda for either side of the still-contentious debate on 1950s Communist traitors in America. If spy books interest you, this weighty tome should be a welcome addition to your bookshelf.

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E. Davison

Extraordinary story, well told

2013年2月15日に英国でレビュー済み

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Gripping stuff. Turns out:

1. The Rosenbergs were spies
2. McCarthy may have been a self-serving blow-hard but he was right

Tough read for 'Progressives'.

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Paul Y. Gelman

AN ALMOST PERFECT SUCCESS

2009年5月8日にアメリカ合衆国でレビュー済み

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After the fall of the Iron Curtain,serious historians have started to incorporate in their research about the Cold War era the various aspects about intelligence and espionage activities perpetrated by the sides involved in this ideological conflict.It is already a well- established and known fact that the Cold War was also a war of shadows which has had a significant impact on the relations between the East and the West.
The current book gives us a fascinating tale about the different activities,plots and machinations woven by the Russian spymasters during the thirties and forties of the previous century. Based on the documents transcribed by Alexander Vassiliev, who was a former KGB employee,the authors describe to what extent the USA was penetrated by and riddled with spies who came in all varieties and from all corners of the United States.Those spies were "men and women, Jews and gentiles,old-stock Americans, etc.While some spies grew up in poverty ,others basked in luxury from their childhoods.Some,like Alger Hiss,were graduates of Ivy Leagues colleges;others were born in Russia and retained a visceral national loyalty."
Many of them feared the rise of Fascism;others were disappointed by capitalism, or had strong ideological beliefs in a Communist utopia ,believing they were serving a higher cause.
The book has chapters on Alger Hiss, confirming he was a Russian spy.Many famous journallists were employed in this big game, including I.B STONE and Ernest Hemingway(although the last one was a dilettante spy).Some were caught and confessed,(like Klaus Fuchs) and some testified against their comrades(like David Greenglass),but most agents simply lied or took the Fifth Amendment.Other chapters include new information about celebrities recruited by the KGB(such as the sexual gymnast and daughter of the American ambassador to Berlin Martha Dodd )as well as a chapter on the infiltration of the US government.
The authors highlight the fact that we should not fall captives to the perception that the KGB operations across the USA were a total success.The Bentley confessions dealt a serious blow to the Russians.True,the KGB stations managed to produce vital information regarding scientific and technological data, which saved the Soviet Union a lot of money and resources ,because as a result, the Russians could build and atomic bomb and and other military equipment.Journalists provided the KGB insights into American diplomatic,military and economic developments and plans.The sub-text of this wonderfully well-researched book is that the American counterintelligence was a failure due to its inability to have a wider perspective on the possible dangers which could have arisen not only from the Germans and the Japanese during World War Two.Thus many words uttered from the mouth of Joseph McCarthy were true and he was not just "seeing Reds under every carpet".
Ideology could lead astray many intelligent people,who became blind and were duped by false and naive beliefs which led them to become traitors.

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Spies: The Rise and Fall of the KGB in America ハードカバー – 2009/5/26

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