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The Rise of the Western World: A New Economic History ペーパーバック – 1976/9/16
英語版
Douglass C. North
(著)
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購入オプションとあわせ買い
First published in 1973, this is a radical interpretation, offering a unified explanation for the growth of Western Europe between 900 A. D. and 1700, providing a general theoretical framework for institutional change geared to the general reader.
- 本の長さ180ページ
- 言語英語
- 出版社Cambridge University Press
- 発売日1976/9/16
- 寸法15.24 x 1.14 x 22.86 cm
- ISBN-100521290996
- ISBN-13978-0521290999
登録情報
- 出版社 : Cambridge University Press (1976/9/16)
- 発売日 : 1976/9/16
- 言語 : 英語
- ペーパーバック : 180ページ
- ISBN-10 : 0521290996
- ISBN-13 : 978-0521290999
- 寸法 : 15.24 x 1.14 x 22.86 cm
- Amazon 売れ筋ランキング: - 268,998位洋書 (洋書の売れ筋ランキングを見る)
- - 872位Accounting & Finance Economics
- - 1,132位Economic History
- - 1,143位Economic Conditions
- カスタマーレビュー:
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Chris
5つ星のうち5.0
Institutions and Escaping the Malthusian Trap
2023年8月12日にアメリカ合衆国でレビュー済みAmazonで購入
The authors, a Nobel laureate in economics and an economics professor at the University of Washington, argue that institutions enabled Western Europe to escape the Malthusian trap and develop unparalleled prosperity and power. Specifically, these institutions protected private property (including intellectual property) and facilitated the development of finance.
When the Roman Empire collapsed, long-distance trade and transportation collapsed with it. As the area between towns and villages became dangerous and deserted, small localities (the "manors") became self-sufficient. Under this feudal / manorial system, the king gave land to lords, who themselves promised to defend and the king's realm and to defend the peasants on their land, in return for land from the king and labor services from the peasants. Over time, the population increased and peasants went to new areas, where they worked under up-and-coming lords. These newly colonized areas maintained their connections with the previous manor, and thus trade began to re-emerge. Governments organized trade fairs, and some of these trade fairs began to be permanently housed in towns, which became centers of trade and commerce.
However, Western Europe had not yet escaped the Malthusian trap. As the population increased beyond the capacity of the land to sustain it, the value of labor declined and the value of land rose. Accordingly, lords began to allow peasants to substitute their labor services for cash payments. Eventually, the population increase became unsustainable, and in the 14th Century Europe suffered through famines, plagues, and incessant warfare.
Thus, by the 15th Century the European population was noticeably smaller than it had been 100 years prior. The population began to recover, and the discovery of the Americas at the end of the 15th Century brought opportunities for colonization and the importation of new goods, including massive amounts of silver.
By the end of the 16th Century, population growth was once again bringing the threat of Malthusian collapse, and in fact plague did attack Europe during this period. But the countries of Europe began to go in different directions. France and Spain both developed authoritarian governments in an effort to restore peace and stability, and these authoritarian governments relied on internal tolls and the granting of monopolies to guilds. These tolls and monopolies stifled economic growth and prevented these two countries from breaking free of the Malthusian trap. By contrast, Britain and the Netherlands could rely on taxes imposed on imports / exports at sea ports, and both nations retained strong legislative assemblies that curbed the powers of monarchs. Further, Britain and the Netherlands gave greater protection to property rights and attracted foreigners through their protection of intellectual property rights. Britain and the Netherlands also saw the emergence of modern banks, joint stock companies, and insurance, all of which facilitated greater trade and reduced transaction costs. With these efficient institutions, Britain and the Netherlands were able to simultaneously increase their population and their per capita wealth, thereby escaping the Malthusian trap.
When the Roman Empire collapsed, long-distance trade and transportation collapsed with it. As the area between towns and villages became dangerous and deserted, small localities (the "manors") became self-sufficient. Under this feudal / manorial system, the king gave land to lords, who themselves promised to defend and the king's realm and to defend the peasants on their land, in return for land from the king and labor services from the peasants. Over time, the population increased and peasants went to new areas, where they worked under up-and-coming lords. These newly colonized areas maintained their connections with the previous manor, and thus trade began to re-emerge. Governments organized trade fairs, and some of these trade fairs began to be permanently housed in towns, which became centers of trade and commerce.
However, Western Europe had not yet escaped the Malthusian trap. As the population increased beyond the capacity of the land to sustain it, the value of labor declined and the value of land rose. Accordingly, lords began to allow peasants to substitute their labor services for cash payments. Eventually, the population increase became unsustainable, and in the 14th Century Europe suffered through famines, plagues, and incessant warfare.
Thus, by the 15th Century the European population was noticeably smaller than it had been 100 years prior. The population began to recover, and the discovery of the Americas at the end of the 15th Century brought opportunities for colonization and the importation of new goods, including massive amounts of silver.
By the end of the 16th Century, population growth was once again bringing the threat of Malthusian collapse, and in fact plague did attack Europe during this period. But the countries of Europe began to go in different directions. France and Spain both developed authoritarian governments in an effort to restore peace and stability, and these authoritarian governments relied on internal tolls and the granting of monopolies to guilds. These tolls and monopolies stifled economic growth and prevented these two countries from breaking free of the Malthusian trap. By contrast, Britain and the Netherlands could rely on taxes imposed on imports / exports at sea ports, and both nations retained strong legislative assemblies that curbed the powers of monarchs. Further, Britain and the Netherlands gave greater protection to property rights and attracted foreigners through their protection of intellectual property rights. Britain and the Netherlands also saw the emergence of modern banks, joint stock companies, and insurance, all of which facilitated greater trade and reduced transaction costs. With these efficient institutions, Britain and the Netherlands were able to simultaneously increase their population and their per capita wealth, thereby escaping the Malthusian trap.
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Ed Gostyn
5つ星のうち5.0
Um clássico da Economia
2023年7月26日にブラジルでレビュー済みAmazonで購入
Por quê determinados países resolvem andar para frente, enquanto outros emperram e depois degradam para o caos? Se você já se questionou sobre essas coisas, é hora de experimentar esse clássico da Economia.
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Amazon Customer
5つ星のうち5.0
Excellent
2016年3月2日にカナダでレビュー済みAmazonで購入
Excellent book relating the starting of the european nations' growing up economy a few centuries ago.
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Ian Stones
5つ星のうち5.0
Profound, and more-so the 2nd time you read it ...
2014年8月23日にアメリカ合衆国でレビュー済みAmazonで購入
Profound, and more-so the 2nd time you read it. Considering it was one of the early works on Institutional Economic published in 1976 and the concepts have been developed continuously since then, incorporating cognitive sciences and anthropology, it is still a classic which challenges much conventional wisdom about "killer apps" that give countries competitive advantages.
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Jon T.
5つ星のうち5.0
very valuable for understanding the world
2016年7月5日にアメリカ合衆国でレビュー済みAmazonで購入
A very, very good look at history through the lens of an economist who deserved his Nobel prize. Clearly written, simple and direct, this short book will go a long way to showing an engaged reader why growth exploded when and where it did.