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Jonah Lehrer

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How We Decide ペーパーバック – 2010/1/1

英語版 Jonah Lehrer (著)

4.4 355個の評価

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The first book to use the unexpected discoveries of neuroscience to help us make the best decisions

Since Plato, philosophers have described the decision-making process as either rational or emotional: we carefully deliberate, or we “blink” and go with our gut. But as scientists break open the mind’s black box with the latest tools of neuroscience, they’re discovering that this is not how the mind works. Our best decisions are a finely tuned blend of both feeling and reason—and the precise mix depends on the situation. When buying a house, for example, it’s best to let our unconscious mull over the many variables. But when we’re picking a stock, intuition often leads us astray. The trick is to determine when to use the different parts of the brain, and to do this, we need to think harder (and smarter) about how we think.

Jonah Lehrer arms us with the tools we need, drawing on cutting-edge research as well as the real-world experiences of a wide range of “deciders”—from airplane pilots and hedge fund investors to serial killers and poker players.

Lehrer shows how people are taking advantage of the new science to make better television shows, win more football games, and improve military intelligence. His goal is to answer two questions that are of interest to just about anyone, from CEOs to firefighters: How does the human mind make decisions? And how can we make those decisions better?

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本の長さ

320ページ
言語

英語
出版社

Mariner Books
発売日

2010/1/1
寸法

13.97 x 2.54 x 20.96 cm
ISBN-10

0547247990
ISBN-13

978-0547247991
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“Cash or credit? Punt or go for first down? Deal or no deal? Life is filled with puzzling choices. Reporting from the frontiers of neuroscience and armed with riveting case studies of how pilots, quarterbacks, and others act under fire, Jonah Lehrer presents a dazzlingly authoritative and accessible account of how we make decisions, what’s happening in our heads as we do so, and how we might all become better ‘deciders.’ Luckily, this one’s a no-brainer: Read this book.”—Tom Vanderbilt, author of Traffic: Why We Drive the Way We Do (and What It Says About Us)

"Over the past two decades, research in neuroscience and behavioral economics has revolutionized our understanding of human decision making. Jonah Lehrer brings it all together in this insightful and enjoyable book, giving readers the information they need to make the smartest decisions.”—Antonio Damasio, author of Descartes’ Error and Looking for Spinoza

“Jonah Lehrer ingeniously weaves neuroscience, sports, war, psychology, and politics into a fascinating tale of human decision making. In the process, he makes us much wiser.”—Dan Ariely, author of Predictably Irrational

“Should we go with instinct or analysis? The answer, Lehrer explains, in this smart and delightfully readable book, is that it depends on the situation. Knowing which method works best in which case is not just useful but fascinating. Lehrer proves once again that he’s a master storyteller and one of the best guides to the practical lessons from new neuroscience.”—Chris Anderson, editor in chief of Wired and author of The Long Tail

“As Lehrer describes in fluid prose, the brain’s reasoning centers are easily fooled, often making judgments based on nonrational factors like presentation (a sales pitch or packaging)...Lehrer is a delight to read, and this is a fascinating book (some of which appeared recently, in a slightly different form, in the New Yorker) that will help everyone better understand themselves and their decision making.” —Publisher's Weekly, starred review

著者について

Jonah Lehrer is editor at large for Seed magazine and the author of Proust Was a Neuroscientist. A graduate of Columbia University and a Rhodes scholar, Lehrer has written forThe New Yorker, the Washington Post, and the Boston Globe. He edits the Mind Matters blog forScientific American and writes his own highly regarded blog, The Frontal Cortex.

登録情報

出版社 ‏ : ‎ Mariner Books; Reprint版 (2010/1/1)
発売日 ‏ : ‎ 2010/1/1
言語 ‏ : ‎ 英語
ペーパーバック ‏ : ‎ 320ページ
ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0547247990
ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0547247991
寸法 ‏ : ‎ 13.97 x 2.54 x 20.96 cm

Amazon 売れ筋ランキング: - 252,038位洋書 (洋書の売れ筋ランキングを見る)
- - 418位Popular Neuropsychology
- - 908位Decision-Making & Problem Solving
- - 1,519位Professional Science Behavioral Sciences (洋書)

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Jonah Lehrer

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レビューのフィルタリング中に問題が発生しました。後でもう一度試してください。

宗宏

脳科学で優しくなれる

2013年3月16日に日本でレビュー済み

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人間の意思決定を必要とする色々な状況に対して、様々な過程が脳の中であり、そしてそれが結論だともっともらしく答えををもたらすことを、興味深い事例を挙げながら次々と話は展開する。
時に自らの過去の意思決定を思い返し苦笑してみたり、今の自分の脳を巡る意識を不思議な感覚で考えさせてくれる。

少々認知症特有の感情の発露をする高齢の母親に対して、脳のあの部分がこうなって、それで斯様に反応しているのかと、今までなら真正面から受けて自らも反応していたことが、客観的に受け止められるようになった。　仕事を含む社会生活の様々な場面で、一呼吸置く余裕や優しささえ齎してくれる、脳科学の大変面白い本である。

役に立った

Philipda

Good description with lengthy intro

2013年3月30日に日本でレビュー済み

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This book gives many example about how our brain architectures lead us to decide optimal solutions or sometimes a catastrophe. Also, there are many useful tricks, or guides given for deciding things that we mostly fail to do it well, such as, dealing with loss aversion on betting and selecting a favourite jam from a department store. However, in my opinion, the introduction in each chapter of the book describing its example is a bit too long. Therefore, if you are looking for a book with short and rigid knowledge, this would not be recommended for you. But if you want to take a novel styled introduction to neuroscience, cognitive science, or behavioral science, I think you will enjoy reading this book.

2012年7月16日に日本でレビュー済み

Amazonで購入

まだ、読み始めたばかりですが、はまってしまいました。判断力がある状態はどうやってできるかのヒントになりそうです。

2009年4月19日に日本でレビュー済み

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脳がどのようにして意思決定を行うかが、脳科学的にわかりやすいように解説されています。

既に他の方がレビューされていますが、”blink”をおもしろいと感じた方は、直感についてさらに深い洞察を得ることができると思います。

著者が若い男性ということもあってか、事例にバスケットボールやアメリカンフットボールといったスポーツ、ミリタリー、消防のことなんかが挙げられていて、若い男性にとっては読みやすい内容です。

4人のお客様がこれが役に立ったと考えています

役に立った

まくまく

面白くて3回立て続けに読みました

2011年9月9日に日本でレビュー済み

プラトンの古来から、「客観的・論理的判断を下すには感情は不要」とか
「感情にとらわれると正しい判断ができない」と言われ続けてきたけれど、
数々の実験や事実によって、そうした主張が間違いであることが証明されたということです。
人間の脳のうち、感情を司る部分は、（歴史が古いために）長い進化の過程で磨かれてきたけれど、
合理的判断を下す部分はまだ新しいので、たくさんのエラーが残っていると著者は言います。

そもそもある物事に対して好悪の感情がなければ、
人間はそれが「自分にとって何であるのか」や、
「重要なのか」「優先すべきか」「無視すべきか」
といった感覚も持てないらしく、
その証明として、外科的な処置によって感情を失ってしまった患者は、
冷静沈着どころか、日常的な判断を下す事さえ
ほぼ不可能になるという事例などが載せられています。

ただし、これは感情が理性に勝るという短絡的な逆説ではありません。
私たちはまず、それぞれの役割が違うことをよく心得て、
個別の状況の中でどちらを信用したり利用したりすべきかを
考える必要があるということです。

本書には、感情と理性の性質の違いが如実に感じられる実験や逸話、
それらを偶然にもうまく生かした例と、反対に失敗した例などが
豊富に載せられています。
興味と驚きがわき起こって、引き込まれるような時間を過ごしました。

4人のお客様がこれが役に立ったと考えています

役に立った

渡辺由佳里

グラッドウェルのBlinkほど面白く、Blinkより濃い本

2009年3月12日に日本でレビュー済み

Jonah Lehrer のHow We Decideは、emotional brain（感情を司る脳の部位とそれによる決断）と rational brain（合理性を司る脳の部位とそれによる決断）のバランスの重要性を説いている。第一印象の直感的な理解力の重要性を説いたマルコム・グラッドウェルの「Blink」とよく比較されるのは、テーマが似ているだけでなく、紹介する逸話や実験の選択も類似しているからだろう。読者を引き込む面白いエピソードや実験で決して飽きさせないところも共通している。
だが、最大の差は、グラッドウェルがジャーナリストであるのに対し、レーラーがノーベル賞受賞者のラボに勤務したことがある神経学者だということだろう。疾患のせいで感情を失い完全に合理的になった患者がかえって決断力を完全に失ってしまうというエピソードなど、神経学者だからこそ着眼し解説できる逸話がレーラーの強みだ。
「Blink」でグラッドウェルが使った「thin-slicing」の説明に物足りなさを感じた者としては、脳のメカニズムを説明し、「いかに判断を下すべきか」というところまで言及しているHow We Decideのほうに読み応えを感じた。
語りの達者さではグラッドウェルの「Blink」、内容の濃さでは「How We Decide」、というのが私の感想だが、どちらも面白いので読み比べてみるといいだろう。

17人のお客様がこれが役に立ったと考えています

役に立った

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zeynep ozgunc

Timely and great. Thank you!

2019年11月11日にカナダでレビュー済み

Amazonで購入

It said a used book when I bought it but it looks like it wasn't used. My shipment came on time and I'm very happy with my purchase ! Thank you !

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Amit s yadav

Not informative

2019年3月29日にインドでレビュー済み

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Not informative

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J

Un buen libro para iniciarse en cómo se toman decisiones

2018年8月16日にスペインでレビュー済み

Amazonで購入

La toma de decisiones implica una serie de procesos que, a menudo, tienden a ser explicados desde un punto de vista o demasiado técnico, o demasiado somero como para ser entendido con suficiente detalle para la mayoría de la gente que trabaja en producto (venta, marketing etc.). Este libro propone una explicación que mezcla la parte técnica, sin exceso de tecnicismos, con ejemplos de todo tipo para la mejor comprensión de cómo funcionan los circuitos neuronales implicados en la toma de decisiones.
El autor escribe de forma sencilla, clara y directa, y aunque está en inglés, es muy fácil de entender. No se requieren grandes conocimientos sobre el idioma para sacarle partido al contenido del libro.
Aunque se echa en falta la utilización de esquemas, gráficos o imágenes para asentar la explicación de algunos conceptos, "How we decide" es sin duda un libro de gran valor para iniciarse en la investigación y comprensión sobre los circuitos neuronales relacionados con la toma de decisiones.

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Larry R Frank Sr, MBA, CFP

How our brain works - in well told short stories fashion ...

2010年2月7日にアメリカ合衆国でレビュー済み

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As a retired Air Force pilot (supersonic jets, multi-engine jets flying internationally, and helicopters) Lehrer's example in his introduction hit home; and how training and repetition help us make better decisions and hone instincts (instincts being the topic of an example in Chapter one too). Lehrer concludes with flight examples as well in the Coda. I bought the book primarily to understand how people make investment and economic decisions. I came away with much more.

A wealth of experiments that illustrate Lehrer's points, and short stories to bring your experience alive. I would point out, that his work is a primer to expose the reader to the broad aspects of how our minds work. All in all, a work that begins ones journey into how we decide. Lehrer has included excellent Notes and Bibliography sections for further reference and there is a well developed Index for cross referencing topics. All excellent resources to dive deeper into how we decide.

An NFL Football Quarterback governed primarily by emotions? Yes it is true according to research into an area of the brain (orbitofrontal cortex) that, when damaged, inhibits the feeling of emotions resulting in indecision. The first chapter describes how our "anatomical narrative" about our brain is false, and that emotions play a pivotal role in how we, as humans, make split second decisions. "Homos sapiens is the most emotional animal of all." It would seem that calculating many multi-variables, each in nanoseconds, would be more rational than emotional. Lehrer explains why rational and emotional are inter-related and necessary to each other and how rational evaluation would take too long.

Chapter 2 continues with the emotions theme through discussion of the single molecule dopamine. Lehrer discusses how various centers of the brain anticipate reward, learn from mistakes through pattern recognition and relearn through repetition and practice. Of interest is the discussion on the observation that praise for effort, although with mistakes, provides people with more incentive than praise for being correct or more perfect. Summary, we learn more from our mistakes.

Emotions are not perfect though, the topic of Chapter 3. The flaw? The mistakes we make when there is no pattern! Slot machines, prediction addiction trying to decipher patterns from true randomness or unpredictable rewards (3 or 4 times more exciting), and the game show Deal or No Deal are discussed. The discussion of how we approach the stock market is enlightening and how the flaw for dealing with randomness in our brains may lead to market bubbles and busts. Fictive-error learning, feeling of regret, loss aversion, negativity bias, all are examples and result of "slavishly following your primitive reward circuits." Credit cards and sub prime loans and buy-now are impulsive emotions wanting reward now overcoming reason. "The emotional brain is routinely duped."

As to overcoming the investment foibles in Chapter 3, there are investment books available that help you structure your approach to the random markets that go into more detail in what Lehrer suggests.
The Investor's Manifesto: Preparing for Prosperity, Armageddon, and Everything in Between by William J. Bernstein
The Four Pillars of Investing: Lessons for Building a Winning Portfolio by William J. Bernstein
What Wall Street Doesn't Want You to Know: How You Can Build Real Wealth Investing in Index Funds by Larry E. Swedroe
The Successful Investor Today: 14 Simple Truths You Must Know When You Invest by Larry E. Swedroe

Chapters 4 and 5 switch gears from the emotional brain to the rational brain. Lehrer tells the story of the firefighter who invented the standard technique for firefighters to survive a fire that's about to overrun them. Rather than succumb to "perceptual narrowing," the brain expanded the list of possibilities. It is such that a new break through or discovery is made - rational thought. He goes on to tell of how the inability for rational thought leads to not being able to think ahead, plan, or repress impulses. Here framing a choice becomes important - is it framed positively, or negatively (recall loss aversion), to evoke a choice? "People who are more rational don't perceive emotion less, they just regulate it better." For those parents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) children, his discussion on brain development may bring good news. Brain development of adolescents and their behavior are also covered. Working memory and how it works to form useful associations for new problems while the rational brain filters out unneeded thoughts is presented through example of the crash of Flight 232.

Chapter 5 looks at when our brain over analyzes. Sports, performers, students taking tests, sometimes "choke." Why? Thinking too much. Also, stereotype threats, and blind taste tests all cut you "off from the wisdom of your emotions." The "weighting mistake" people make between choosing a home in the suburbs and longer commute, over an urban choice with a shorter commute. The placebo effect is also explored in light of your expectations. Trying to remember too much and how that may lead to poor choices. Where bad moods may come from. Mental accounting. Anchoring effect. How too much information may lead to inability to ignore irrelevant data or poverty of attention ... and the effect this has on the medical profession. The prefrontal cortex is laden with flaws and foibles and is easy to hoodwink.

Chapter 6 explores the realm of how we treat other people, or the requirement to consider other people ... morality. What makes someone a psychopath? How our modern legal system is antiquated in the assumptions it is based on. How our view of morality has been backwards. How an egocentric decision making strategy backfires with moral decisions. Altruism and how it makes some feel good. In addition, when the brain is broken: Autism; Child abuse; Broken homes; and Solitary living while young. All are discussed along with interesting experiments that show the effect of normal versus broken brain development.

Chapter 7 discusses how we decide and arrive at our beliefs. How retailers manipulate our brains by priming one area of the brain with positive stimulus, while soothing another area of the brain in order for us to "go broke convinced that we are saving money." Credit cards, as plastic, inhibits the insula by dulling the averse feeling of having spent real money. Self-delusion. Lehrer discusses politics as well as to how our brain turns into an information filter to block out points we don't agree with. How certainty in our thinking can lead us astray. How censoring our minds leads us to ignore relevant information. "When making decisions, actively resist the urge to suppress the argument.

The final chapter uses the game of poker to demonstrate the simultaneous use of both the rational and emotional parts of the brain. This then goes to turn yet another widely held belief on its head, that the harder decisions are the ones that require the most feeling, not the easy decisions, as many would initially think. In situations with incomplete information, such as the financial markets, we need to think and feel. Lehrer concludes the chapter with some general guidelines: Simple problems require reason. Novel problems also require reason. Embrace uncertainty. You know more than you know. Think about thinking.

Other books worth the read relating to how the brain and mind works:

Predictably Irrational, Revised and Expanded Edition: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our Decisions by Dan Ariely
Your Money and Your Brain: How the New Science of Neuroeconomics Can Help Make You Rich By Jason Zweig which illustrates where many of these brain areas are.

A philosophy, that may help avoid many issues Lehrer raises in Chapter 3, is to adapt an overall wealth approach to your finances rather than shooting to make more money now. How? A resource may be: Wealth Odyssey: The Essential Road Map For Your Financial Journey Where Is It You Are Really Trying To Go With Money?

2人のお客様がこれが役に立ったと考えています

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Vicki Drakopoulos

READING THIS BOOK IS AN EXCELLENT DECISION

2012年5月6日に英国でレビュー済み

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I've read and continue to read many books on neuroscience and selecting to read "How We Decide" has proven invaluable. There are many good comments and reviews here - I simply wanted to add that this particular book with Jonah Lehrer's approach, presentation and superb writing skills has provided a more complete and thorough understanding of neuroscience than all the books I have read on the subject. Very Well Done!!!!

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How We Decide ペーパーバック – 2010/1/1

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Jonah Lehrer

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上位レビュー、対象国：日本