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Jesus of Nazareth: Millenarian Prophet ペーパーバック – 1999/1/1
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Dale Allison's clearly written Jesus of Nazareth will enable people who have followed recent discussions to vindicate and reclaim the central religious significance of the historical Jesus. Allison makes a creative contribution to Jesus studies in several ways:
He offers new suggestions for establishing the authenticity of Jesus' word - including what he calls "the index of intertextual linkage" - and for the process of framing a convincing picture of the central thrust and purpose of the activity of Jesus.
Referring to fascinating cross-cultural millenarian parallels, he shows that the impetus for the pre-Easter Jesus movement was apocalyptic in nature and that the historical Jesus can best be understood as an eschatological prophet.
He presents the first full-length treatment of the question of Jesus and asceticism and shows that Jesus, far from the image suggested by some today, was driven by an apocalyptic asceticism that extended to matters of sex, food, and social relations.
Always evenhanded and fair, Allison's new work is nonetheless penetrating, acute, and provocative.
- 本の長さ255ページ
- 言語英語
- 出版社Fortress Pr
- 発売日1999/1/1
- 寸法15.24 x 1.57 x 22.86 cm
- ISBN-100800631447
- ISBN-13978-0800631444
商品の説明
著者について
Dale C. Allison is Associate Professor of New Testament and Early Christianity at Pittsburgh Theological Seminary, author of The End of the Ages Has Come, The New Moses, The Jesus Tradition in Q, and The Silence of Angels.
登録情報
- 出版社 : Fortress Pr (1999/1/1)
- 発売日 : 1999/1/1
- 言語 : 英語
- ペーパーバック : 255ページ
- ISBN-10 : 0800631447
- ISBN-13 : 978-0800631444
- 寸法 : 15.24 x 1.57 x 22.86 cm
- カスタマーレビュー:
著者について
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To make his case, Allison focuses on what can reasonably be considered the earliest written sources regarding Jesus, The Gospel of Mark, the Q verses from Matthew and Luke, and the earliest epistles of Paul. Modern Jesus questers ignore Paul and use the Gospel of Thomas as a prime source to prove that Jesus was nothing more than a cynic sage/beatnik philosopher. Allison notes that the Gospel of Thomas, which is primarily a collection of wisdom sayings, was influenced by gnostic beliefs which entered the Christian faith at a much later date, long after the apocalyptic fire of the first century began to wane. Allison does not give a lot of credence to the writings of Josephus being an adequate portrayal of the Essenes, John the Baptist, and Jesus. Josephus omitted the apocalyptic beliefs of his subjects in order to make them acceptable to his aristocratic Roman audience.
Modern Jesus questers have gotten so caught up in determining whether specific words or actions recorded in the gospels can be traced to the historical Jesus that they can't see the forest for the trees. The criteria they use to determine the authenticity of what Jesus said or did has its own inherent flaws and Allison gives numerous hypothetical examples to prove his point.
We have to step back from the minutiae and determine the context in which Jesus acted and spoke. By doing this, we can come up with a common denominator which gives us a more accurate picture of who and what Jesus really was. If we look at the actions and teachings of Jesus from our earliest sources, regardless of whether they were recorded verbatim or in the exact chronological order, they were all done in the context of the belief that the world order which Jesus lived in would be replaced by the Kingdom of God within his generation. Jesus' teachings were not merely a collection of moral instructions taught by a wandering sage but demonstrated the imminent reality of God's Kingdom. When we look at the totality of Jesus' words and actions recorded in the Gospels, we get a portrait of an apocalyptic prophet.
In addition, we can place Jesus in a time frame of what immediately preceded him and what immediately followed him with some measure of continuity. E. P. Sanders has adroitly noted this in his book, The Historical Figure of Jesus, which supports Allison's arguments. Jesus was baptized by an eschatological prophet, John the Baptist. Immediately following the crucifixion, Jesus' earliest followers proclaimed his resurrection as a sign that the end times had begun. A beatnik philosopher could hardly have inspired such a belief.
Allison demonstrates that Jesus was not a political revolutionary, a social reformer, or a philosopher. His teachings did not appeal to the intellect but to one's religious devotion toward God and his Kingdom. Jesus saw himself as a prophet, as did his followers. He took the words of the prophets and made them is own and made himself and his ministry the object of prophecy. Unlike other prophets, Jesus acted upon his prophecies and teachings about the Kingdom through miracles and exorcisms to demonstrate that the Kingdom of God was truly at hand.
Allison notes that Jesus lived in a time and place where apocalyptic fervor was high among Jewish sectarian groups as illustrated by the Dead Sea Scrolls, the popularity of John the Baptist, apocalyptic writings such as 1 Enoch, and the failed messianic movements of Theudas and the Egyptian. As the late scholar Ben Meyer noted, to portray Jesus as a cynic sage is to strip him of his Jewish identity. If we take away the eschatological element of Jesus' ministry, we can make no sense of it. The idea that Jesus was the Lord and Savior did not emerge in a post-Easter vacuum which was later embellished by the church but was inspired by the historical Jesus himself. Allison gives us striking parallels between Jesus' ministry and millenarian movements of other cultures which were inspired by a charismatic leader.
Allison demonstrates how some of the more fanciful miracle stories in the Gospels, which modern Jesus questers scoff at and ignore, can tell us much about the impressions which Jesus left upon his earliest followers. Jesus encounters with Satan in the wilderness tell us that he lived as an ascetic struggling with demonic powers. The earthquake and the graves being opened up at the moment Jesus died on the cross tell us what Jesus and his earliest followers believed would happen in the end-times. In other words, historical fiction can tell us a lot about real history.
Like the prophets before him, Jesus was an ascetic who lived a life of voluntary poverty and chastity which he required of his followers as well. Jesus' asceticism was not an individualistic attempt to perfect one's nature but was a lifestyle which conformed to and affirmed his apocalyptic beliefs. In order to preach the good news of the Kingdom and gather others into it, Jesus and his disciples had to live a lifestyle commensurate with how life would be lived in the Kingdom which entailed severing all ties with the present world in which they lived. This lifestyle included celibacy and severing ties with one's family. Having a family and home to support requires one to maintain ties to the present world. One cannot serve mammon and fully dedicate himself to serving God and His Kingdom. Jesus could not have required his disciples to leave their homes and families if he had a wife and children of his own to support. To Jesus, the poor were blessed because they had nothing to lose and everything to gain with the arrival of God's Kingdom. As with other millenarian movements, apocalyptic preaching has much greater appeal and acceptance among the disenfranchised and marginalized members of a society.
Jesus' asceticism was not unique among Jewish sectarian groups. The Qumran Essenes saw themselves as holy warriors fighting in the company of angels during the apocalyptic showdown. John the Baptist and his disciples practiced this lifestyle to prepare for the day of judgement..
Allison points out that it is reasonable to believe that Jesus envisioned his own death and gave meaning to it. Jesus saw his person and his ministry in terms of the scriptural fulfillment of the eschatological restoration of Israel. Jesus' immediate followers interpreted his death and resurrection as the beginning of the end-times, or as articulated by the Apostle Paul, Jesus was the first fruits of those who would be resurrected from the dead. Here again, we have a post-Easter belief which was not created by the church but which probably originated with Jesus.
The epilogue of this book may be disturbing to some Christian believers but it is brutally honest. Jesus' generation passed away and the Kingdom did not come. Were Jesus' followers and the first generation of believers, including Paul, that clueless in misinterpreting what Jesus said and taught? I would like to believe that there is a timeless spiritual dimension to the gospel which lived on through the church and that there is still hope that God's Kingdom will prevail. That topic will have to be reserved for another book.
With that being said, it's no wonder that Allison's book has not gained a wide readership among Evangelicals. For one of the reasons Allison's scholarship is so honest is due to the fact that, despite his Christian faith, he constructs a Jesus that would make any Bible believing Christian uncomfortable. His portrayal of Jesus is that of a Millenarian Apocalyptic Prophet who's mission revolved around the coming Kingdom of God which he failed to correctly predict. Also, Allison makes sense of Jesus as a mild Ascetic which he ties into his eschatological expectation. Allison deals with common objections made against such a formulation of Jesus put forth by Borg, Patterson and Crossan. Allison also deals with symbolic interpretations of Jesus eschatology put forth by Wright. Allison demonstrates quite convincingly that any portrait of Jesus which does not take into account his apocalyptic and ascetic mindset is unfounded and untenable.
No doubt (as I mentioned above) this book will make Christians uneasy. In fact, I (being a Christian) found myself uncomfortable with Allison's portrait as well. However, Allison shows that our theology should not drive our historical conclusions; rather, history (in this case) must first be established and then we can begin the talk of theology. Any person who would identify as a follower of Jesus and/or a Christian would be foolish not to pick this book up and see what scholarship says regarding Jesus of Nazareth.
I gave up reading it as i was losing the will to live.
If you are interested in the subject I would suggest reading anything by Bart Ehrman. His books are excellent and are a pleasure to read.
Accepting the reality that Jesus was wrong naturally takes the legs out from under the table on specific doctrines the church holds concerning who Jesus was, a high Christology, a person “wholly man and wholly God”, and rattles the foundations of western Christianity and western religious philosophy.
He concludes his book pretty well with where it all leaves us. We can just “hope” there is a good God out there some where and that there will be a day come one day of the type and kind Jesus preached and taught on earth. If Jesus was wrong, where are we in our understanding about things he didn’t understand himself?
I have read NT Wright’s works, E.P. Sanders, Ben Meyer, John Meier, Raymond Brown, Pannenberg, Bultman, Schweitzer, and several others on the Historical Jesus. I believe that Allison has failed to receive the credit he deserves from all his books on his subject. Wright’s put down of Allison in his statement that he (Wright) felt that Allison didn’t understand an “eschlatogical” Jesus was ridiculous. Allison has put together some of the most balanced and thorough information written on the subject.