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Edward J. Lopez
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Wayne Leighton
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Madmen, Intellectuals, and Academic Scribblers: The Economic Engine of Political Change (English Edition) 1st 版, Kindle版

英語版 Edward J. López (著), Wayne A. Leighton (著) 形式: Kindle版
4.4 5つ星のうち4.4 25個の評価
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Does major political reform require a crisis? When do new ideas emerge in politics? How can one person make a difference?


In short: how and when does political change happen? Madmen, Intellectuals, and Academic Scribblers tackles these big questions, arguing that ideas and entrepreneurship are the key ingredients in any episode of political change. Authors Wayne A. Leighton and Edward J. López begin with the first lesson in economics -- incentives matter -- and artfully explain how the lesson applies throughout political life. Incentives explain why democracies often generate policies that impose net costs on society, and why these inefficient policies persist for years.

Yet beneficial reform does sometimes occur. So Madmen goes beyond incentives to offer a framework in which political change channels its way from ideas in society, through society's shared institutions (i.e., its rules of the game), which then shape incentives. This type of change is seldom easy, because new ideas for shaping the rules of the game must overcome two forces in society: widely shared beliefs and powerfully vested interests. Yet at certain political moments - perhaps during a crisis, but not always - shared beliefs and vested interests begin to weaken, and the opportunity for reform emerges. Within this framework, Madmen shows why certain inefficient policies eventually get repealed (e.g., airline rate and route regulation), while others endure (e.g., sugar subsidies and tariffs).

Drawing on the history of Western political ideas, both in theory and in practice, Madmen matches up three key ingredients - ideas, rules, and incentives - with the characters who make political waves: "madmen in authority" (such as Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Margaret Thatcher), "intellectuals" (like George Will or Jon Stewart), and "academic scribblers" (in the vein of Friedrich Hayek and John Maynard Keynes).

Political change happens when these characters - called political entrepreneurs - notice areas of weakness in the structure of ideas, rules, and incentives, and then find ways to change the rules of the game in those areas. These entrepreneurs in political change may be philosophers, opinion makers, political leaders, or other types of influencers. What they have in common is an interest in better ideas--ones that improve the human condition--and a vision to change incentives and outcomes.

Madmen helps leaders in business and politics, and opinion-makers everywhere, better understand where the next opportunities are emerging. Students and professors will eat up its history of ideas, from the Ancients Greeks to Adam Smith, and from the Progressives to modern political economy. Using the framework laid out by the authors, readers of all stripes will see how they can be entrepreneurs in promoting effective political change.
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  1. ISBN-13
    978-0804780971
  2. 版
    第1
  3. 付箋メモ
    Kindle Scribeで
  4. 出版社
    Stanford Economics and Finance
  5. 発売日
    2012/11/21
  6. 言語
    英語
  7. ファイルサイズ
    1074 KB
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商品の説明

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"Why have some countries remained poor, while others are on the train of progress? And, ultimately, what drives social change? Free market reformers will quickly agree on what needs to be done to jumpstart the wealth creation process. Where they get stuck is how you actually do it. Faced with the complexity of social change, the room goes mute. Leighton and Lopez have written a captivating book that explains the process of social change, from ideas to outcomes. Their theoretical framework―centered on the figure of the 'political entrepreneur'―is illuminating and original. It will spark productive conversations among those who are interested in social change and the wealth of nations." (Giancarlo Ibarguen Entrepreneur and President of Universidad Francisco Marroquín)

"Ideas matter. Madmen, with its engaging stories, is perfect for anyone interested in public policy, or how our world could be a better place. Read it, and assign it to your class." (Tyler Cowen George Mason University, blogger at The Marginal Revolution, and author of Discover Your Inner Economist)

"[T]his book is an important contribution, both to public choice theory and to the newly developing literature emphasizing the role of ideas in political economy. The book's biggest strength is that the arguments have a strong foundation in the intellectual history of both economics and politics, and the authors demonstrate the importance of ideas by example." (Shruti Rajagopalan Journal of the History of Economic Thought)

"Leighton and López's book, Madmen, Intellectuals, and Academic Scribblers, is a motivated reading into the role political entrepreneurs play in creating policy. The book discusses three distinct levels of change: origination, establishment, and implementation of new ideas. The result of their efforts is an expansive survey edited to less than 200 pages of discussion. What is surprising, then, is that the authors cover the material and maintain a conversational tone, comfortable even for a novice historian of thought. The book takes the reader through selected episodes that are instrumental in improving the general economic welfare of society . . . [Madmen, Intellectuals, and Academic Scribblers] provides much needed context in the literature of political entrepreneurship. It provides a more concrete way of thinking about the role of change from an individual's actions to the design of policy. The discussion in the book should inform debates at the intersection of economics and political science. Madmen, Intellectuals, and Academic Scribblers breaks down the complex issue of political entrepreneurship into a more manageable inquiry." (Michael D. Thomas Public Choice)

"This book is an inspiring reminder that great thinking matters. It's a delightful, accessible, and thought-provoking book for anyone interested in big ideas at the intersection of economics and politics." (Charles Wheelan University of Chicago and author of Naked Economics: Undressing the Dismal Science)

"Leighton and Lopéz supply intellectually sound arguments, grounded in public choice and of Austrian economics, to explain why democratic governments often fail to produce policies that are consistent with the public's interest. Drawing on sources from across history―from Plato and Aristotle to Friedrich Hayek, and James Buchanan―Madmen situates current policy debates in a context much wider than usual. Most impressive are the authors' evident grasp of―and ability to synthesize―complex arguments about the properties of 'good government.'" (William F. Shughart II, University of Mississippi and co-author of Policy Challenges and Political Responses)

"Come along with Leighton and Lopez as they speed date significant economic and philosophical influencers and chart the triumph of markets. As an erstwhile political practitioner in radical market reforming mode, I was relieved to find that I could dodge the moniker of 'madman' and classify myself as a 'political entrepreneur.' Racy and relevant, this book is a call to reforming arms." (Honourable Ruth Richardson, former Minister of Finance New Zealand)

"[T]his book offers a very interesting account of the interplay between ideas and policy. I recommend it highly." (Lawrence W. Kenny University of Florida)

"There's no shortage of writing about bad government policies, but Leighton and Lopez go several steps deeper, by exploring the incentives that foster bad policies, the institutions that foster bad incentives, the ideas that foster bad institutions, and the social processes that foster the spread of bad ideas. Better yet, they offer wise prescriptions for change and colorful stories to illustrate their wisdom. This is a book that manages all at once to be wise, important, and great fun to read. I highly recommend it." (Steven E. Landsburg, Professor of Economics University of Rochester)

"Madmen, Intellectuals and Academic Scribblers is a rare treat―and a rare feat. Seldom does a work in the classical tradition of political economy combine the rigors of academic inquiry with the delights of successful storytelling. The authors' multidisciplinary approach, and their emphasis on the many facets of entrepreneurship, enables them to tackle the complex interplay of ideas, institutions, and human incentives, while resisting the temptations of facile reductionism." (Roberto Salinas León, Presidente Mexico Business Forum)

"Madmen raises serious questions about simple explanations of change―because it makes clear there are several necessary conditions for a political shift. We tend to think of change as resulting from a single hero or villain, but the story is more complex. The tales in this book show what it takes to effect change, while weaving a narrative that is entertaining and memorable." (Michael C. Munger Duke University and author of Analyzing Policy)

著者について

Wayne A. Leighton is Professor of Economics at Universidad Francisco Marroquín, Executive Director of The Antigua Forum, and former Senior Economic Adviser at the U.S. Senate and the Federal Communications Commission. Edward J. López is BB&T Distinguished Professor of Capitalism at Western Carolina University and President of the Public Choice Society.

登録情報

  • ASIN ‏ : ‎ B00AQDUZQK
  • 出版社 ‏ : ‎ Stanford Economics and Finance; 第1版 (2012/11/21)
  • 発売日 ‏ : ‎ 2012/11/21
  • 言語 ‏ : ‎ 英語
  • ファイルサイズ ‏ : ‎ 1074 KB
  • Text-to-Speech（テキスト読み上げ機能） ‏ : ‎ 有効
  • X-Ray ‏ : ‎ 有効にされていません
  • Word Wise ‏ : ‎ 有効
  • 付箋メモ ‏ : ‎ Kindle Scribeで
  • 本の長さ ‏ : ‎ 225ページ
  • カスタマーレビュー:
    4.4 5つ星のうち4.4 25個の評価

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Mike Mertens
5つ星のうち5.0 Political Change, Intellectual History and More
2013年11月16日にアメリカ合衆国でレビュー済み
Amazonで購入
I highly recommend Wayne Leighton and Edward Lopez’s Madmen, Intellectuals, and Academic Scribblers to anyone who wants to better understand political change, intellectual history and what they can do to help change the future.
The core idea being explored throughout the book is "Political change happens when entrepreneurs exploit loose spots in the structure of ideas, institutions, and incentives.”

They start the book with a great example from basketball to show how incentives matter and also how the status quo can be a challenge to overcome. They note: "When the rules of sports change, we get an unobstructed view into how incentives shape people's strategies and tactics, which largely determine how the game turns out."

They spend three chapters on intellectual history where they cover important thinkers and their ideas as they relate to good government, economics and public choice theory. They show the interplay of ideas between different schools of thought and this helps set the stage for the framework of political change that they introduce later in the book. I really enjoyed this section and there several ideas they introduce that I plan to explore in greater detail (ideas from Vernon Smith on ecological rationality and Elinor Ostrom on common pool resources). The section on public choice theory starts to explain why bad policies get chosen and why they can be so hard to overcome.

Chapter five is where they develop their framework of political change and I found it very useful. They start with a model of the role of capital in economic development (from Hayek) that they refine to show how ideas, institutions, incentives and outcomes matter for political change. They continue to develop the framework by adding both top-down and bottom-up processes for the development of the ideas that lead to the “collective beliefs about markets and the proper role of government.” This chapter was extremely useful to me – and I think their framework may be adaptable to change in others areas as well (organizational change).

They then cover 4 stories of political change (they use the auctioning spectrum licenses as a positive example and the recent housing bubble as a negative example) to show real examples in the context of their framework.

The final chapter describes their concept of political entrepreneurship and it builds off the ideas of Israel Kirzner (entrepreneurial alertness) and Joseph Schumpeter (creative destruction). They close with some key principles for political entrepreneurship that each of us can use to be an agent of change. One of these ideas is comparative advantage – playing to one’s strengths – and is important in making the best use of one’s time and talents.

Leighton and Lopez have developed a useful framework for understanding political change. Ideas, institutions and incentives all matter and they provide us with a deeper understanding of how these elements interact while providing some valuable ideas on how each of us can improve the human condition.

Here are a few recommended works that I have read recently that I think provide some good supplemental material to the ideas introduced in this book (I have written amazon reviews on several of these books):
1.) George H. Smith's “The System of Liberty” which covers ideas related to classical liberalism and intellectual history
2.) “The Power of Pull” by John Hagel III, John Seeley Brown, and Lang Davison which shows “how small moves, smartly made, can set big things in motion”
3.) Randy Barnett's “The Structure of Liberty’ which covers the principles of justice and the rule of law. He develops and explains how they provide the structure of liberty that enables individuals to pursue their happiness in a social context.
4.) “Seeing What Others Don't: The Remarkable Ways We Gain Insights” by Gary Klein which develops a triple path model for developing insights (which ties nicely with entrepreneurial alertness)
5.) “Mastery” by Robert Greene and “Strengthsfinder 2.0” by Tom Rath for some ways to understand and develop your own comparative advantage
6.) “Doing Bad by Doing Good” by Christopher J. Coyne which uses public choice theory to explain why humanitarian action often fail
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Donald
5つ星のうち5.0 Great book on eceonomic ideas
2015年4月11日にドイツでレビュー済み
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There are many books on popular economics available, but this one is well written and provides a very good overview of economic thought in a non-technical way. The authors cover a lot of ground from Cicero to modern times. The only drawback is that one is left wanting more information on the topics covered, as it progresses very quickly. The 190 pages of text could easily be expanded by another hundred in order to provide a bit more in-depth coverage of very interesting and well-presented ideas. Worth a read.
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Christian Bjoernskov
5つ星のうち4.0 Excellent book about reforms and the status quo
2013年10月9日に英国でレビュー済み
Amazonで購入
Leighton and Lopez's "Madman, Intellectuals, and Academic Scribblers" is an introduction to one of the conundrums in the social sciences: Why do politicians undertake reforms? They start from Adam and Eve by discussing different philosophical schools and how they defined the good life and the good society. Next is an introduction to Keynesianism and the interventionist tradition that many politicians still subscribe to. On that background, Leighton and Lopez introduce the reader to the public choice school and its realist insistence on the importance of special interest groups, politicians' selfish motives and the rational ignorance of voters. Readers unfamiliar with political economy or public choice are in for a treat, as the authors provide an extremely well-written and accessible introduction to why we see so much bad policy and why it persists.
However, the main focus of the book is that we actually do see reforms. The authors note that standard public choice considerations explain why we would not see reforms. So why do we? They outline the beginnings of a theory of reforms by noting that sometimes, circumstances and events come together to form a situation in which it is actually in the interest of politicians to undertake reforms, and in which special interest groups do not have sufficient influence to block the reforms. It is an intuitive and appealing idea that Leighton and Lopez back with four examples, three of which led to beneficial reforms while the fourth did not.
This is a great and very accessible book - you don't have to be an economist yourself to understand or enjoy the many insights. The only minor shortcoming is that it is very American. There are plenty of European examples of reforms - the Swedish 'tax reform of the century' in the early 1990s, German labour market reforms, and the entire Thatcher era in the UK. But that shouldn't keep you from buying and reading the book. Highly recommended!
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Kevin Currie-Knight
5つ星のうち4.0 Ideas + Institutions + Incentives = Public Policy!
2014年2月18日にアメリカ合衆国でレビュー済み
Amazonで購入
Okay, well maybe it is not quite THAT simple, but here's the story. Madmen (those who have original ideas, whether in or outside of academia) think up some new idea - deregulating the airlines, earned income tax credit, whatever. Intellectuals (the dealers in second-hand ideas, usually in academia) figure out which ideas are good by writing and debating with each other. And then the academic scribblers (those who take ideas and apply them to concrete policy problems) finally take the ideas from intellectuals and apply them to policy.

Well, sort of. Really, the main concern in this book is to go beyond standard public finance and public choice theory. A 'public finance' approach tells us that policy is made by benevolent and altruistic public servants in order to correct for market failures. But that doesn't explain how - as often happens - policy often gets made (and stuck) that is clearly not in the public interest and not something the public seems excited about. So, public choice theory comes in to tell us that it is often the case that our public servants are self-interested, and often pass legislation because it will advance their careers, their livelihoods, etc. (I want x to pass, but can't do it without your support, and you want y to pass. So, I will help you pass y and you help me pass x, and stuff like that.) But wait.... that doesn't tell us why sometimes, bad policy DOES get removed, even at the seeming expense of the public figures and special interests who now have vested interest in the policy's existence. (The examples used toward the end of this book are the auctioning of radio frequencies on the market, deregulation of airlines, and welfare reform in the Clinton era.)

So, now comes our authors' theory: public choice has it right much of the time, but we also have to account for how ideas effect what policy proposals get traction and which don't. The theory is that "madmen" (in academia or out; we might call them 'rogues') come up with new ideas. From there, "intellectuals" in academia and out debate the ideas and keep some of them alive in the process. Finally, the "academic scribblers" are those who are in the world of policy, and put the rubber to the road by taking the ideas intellectuals have been researching and talking about, and applying them - when appropriate - to pressing problems of the day. The process can take many years from the original idea to the policy problem that catches the right person's attention (who knows just what academic idea to apply). But when it works, it works.

The first third of the book is spent discussing the traditional public finance and public choice views and why both of them have limited explanatory power (though the latter gets higher marks than the former). Next, the authors outline their theory of madmen, intellectuals, and scribblers. Last, the authors demonstrate by going over the three examples above. (So, for the radio auctioning, the madman who came up with the idea in 1956 was economist Ronald Coase, who modified the idea of a graduate student). After thirty eight years of intellectuals tossing the idea around, the FCC finally took the idea seriously and implemented it. Why the inefficient political distribution of radio frequencies hung around for so long was the stuff of public choice theory. Why it was repealed is the stuff of madmen, intellectuals, and academic scribblers.)

One thing I am not sure about with this book: while the authors' theory adds a potential new explanatory layer onto public choice theory, now it seems we must explain WHY certain ideas become powerful enough to overturn entrenched interests and why others don't. The authors suggest that there is simply a confluence of factors: the problem becomes so pressing and the policy so visibly bad that certain ideas (which might have laid dormant otherwise) now seem like a good idea and gain political traction. Okay, but there are many glaringly bad policies and proposals to fix those polices where entrenched interests ultimately do prove to great to overturn. So, should we now figure out what makes some situations more susceptible to innovation and others not?

That being said, I enjoyed the book. I teach education policy at the college level, and while this book is not specifically geared to my field, I think there may a useful framework for explaining why education reform occasionally happens and doesn't happen when we think it should, Very readable, and highly interesting.
6人のお客様がこれが役に立ったと考えています
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Robert
5つ星のうち5.0 Wish I would have read it sooner!
2017年8月30日にアメリカ合衆国でレビュー済み
Amazonで購入
I have enjoyed many discussions with colleagues and students surrounding the topics reviewed and further suggested in Leighton and Lopez’s Madmen. I selected this book to use for a reading group involving undergraduate students in economics, political science, and philosophy generally. I do not need to summarize the book here, as many have already done that quite well. Rather, I would like to strongly endorse it as a must-read for policymakers, grad students or motivated undergrads developing their own research. Additionally, professors requiring term papers would find this a very helpful supplement or even as a primary text in a seminar. There exists an indirect benefit for the professor, a fresh perspective that will spark new ideas for consideration within existing research questions or perhaps new questions altogether.

Certainly the book spans several academic disciplines, so those looking for inspiration while developing a research agenda or just honing in on a question for focused analysis should find new angles for tackling unresolved problems. For example, the book lays out three general questions to motivate just this: 1) why do democracies generate policies that are wasteful and unjust? 2) Why do failed policies persist, even when they are known to be socially wasteful? 3) Why do some wasteful policies get repealed but others endure? Examples abound in the text, yet the open approach motivates the reader to consider beyond those provided. Indeed, the flavor is one of creativity and innovation, that which creates policy and spreads ideas, but that which also makes for good research and valued contributions to scholarly inquiry.

Knowing Edward Lopez from his research and presentations at conferences, I was comfortable with the selection of the book before having read it. After having read it, I wish I would have done so sooner.

Rob Salvino
Professor of Economics
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