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The Structure of Evolutionary Theory (English Edition) Kindle版

英語版 Stephen Jay Gould (著) 形式: Kindle版

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The world's most revered and eloquent interpreter of evolutionary ideas offers here a work of explanatory force unprecedented in our time--a landmark publication, both for its historical sweep and for its scientific vision.

With characteristic attention to detail, Stephen Jay Gould first describes the content and discusses the history and origins of the three core commitments of classical Darwinism: that natural selection works on organisms, not genes or species; that it is almost exclusively the mechanism of adaptive evolutionary change; and that these changes are incremental, not drastic. Next, he examines the three critiques that currently challenge this classic Darwinian edifice: that selection operates on multiple levels, from the gene to the group; that evolution proceeds by a variety of mechanisms, not just natural selection; and that causes operating at broader scales, including catastrophes, have figured prominently in the course of evolution.

Then, in a stunning tour de force that will likely stimulate discussion and debate for decades, Gould proposes his own system for integrating these classical commitments and contemporary critiques into a new structure of evolutionary thought.

In 2001 the Library of Congress named Stephen Jay Gould one of America's eighty-three Living Legends--people who embody the "quintessentially American ideal of individual creativity, conviction, dedication, and exuberance." Each of these qualities finds full expression in this peerless work, the likes of which the scientific world has not seen--and may not see again--for well over a century.

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“Fascinating, discursive, dogmatic, intensely personal and often quite technical, The Structure of Evolutionary Theory is also in most of its sections readily accessible to lay readers--and well worth the effort...This summation of Gould's idiosyncratic life work will undoubtedly arouse tremendous enthusiasm in loyal Gouldites...Gould's detailed arguments and scholarly exegesis of the historical literature on evolution's forebears and conflicts fully justify the length of this book. But the nuggets of Gould, the literate and rambunctious scientist, give it delicious flavor on page after page...This is a brilliant, controversial, thorough and immensely readable updating of Darwin.”―David Perlman, San Francisco Chronicle

“Stephen Jay Gould was no lightweight, physically or intellectually. This vast book...unveils his distinctive vision of evolutionary biology--as it should be, as it is, and as it has been...A book of great power, scope and learning...It is a book that one would expect to read and reread, for Gould articulates and defends a distinctive vision of the agenda of evolutionary biology; of the mechanisms of evolutionary change; and of the relationship of evolutionary biology to its own past...There is, indeed, a certain grandeur to this view of life.”―The Economist

“[This is] a summation of Stephen Jay Gould's life work, building on Darwinism to provide a novel synthesis of how evolution has shaped the living world...One of the joys of reading about good science is the chance not only to observe how scientific theory works, but also to participate in the workings of the mind behind the words. In Gould's...The Structure of Evolutionary Theory, the reader will find such joy in abundance.”―Tim Flannery, New York Review of Books

“[A] magisterial tome...[The Structure of Evolutionary Theory] is destined to go down in history alongside the writings of Galileo, Darwin, Huxley, Freud, Mayr and others as a work that will change its culture forever. Gould's critics (and there are plenty of them) may weep and gnash their teeth at such an assessment, but they ignore him at their--and our--peril. This man has something important to say about the preeminent origin myth of our age--evolutionary theory--and he has said it in this magnificent work.”―Michael Shermer, Washington Post

“The culmination of about 25 years of research and study, this book traces the history of evolutionary thought and charts a path for its future...This book presents Gould in all his incarnations: as a digressive historian, original thinker and cunning polemicist...Even Gould's opponents will recognize this as the magnum opus of one of the world's leading evolutionary thinkers.”―Publishers Weekly

“By literary standards [The Structure of Evolutionary Theory] is unique, a combination of scientific argument, historical analysis both of this argument and of all that went before it, an apologia pro vita sua, and many entertaining diversions...It is hard to think of any one else with this combination of polymathic ability and of sheer cheek, and equally hard to imagine filling a scientific auditorium with people who have read it right through--one of several ways in which the book can fairly be likened to The Origin of Species.”―John R. G. Turner, The Spectator

“For all its rigorous detail and painstaking historical, scientific, and philosophical explication, Gould's massive work is profoundly personal and dramatic, laced as it is with his great love for Darwin, frank intellectual autobiography, and his belief that the history of evolutionary thought "constitutes an epic tale"...[E]very scientifically inclined reader, will be affected by some aspect of Gould's passionate argument, humanistic sensibility, and sheer pleasure in the noble pursuit of knowledge and understanding.”―Donna Seaman, Booklist

“Stephen Jay Gould's work always generates keen interest and the present volume perhaps more so given his recent death. It is a thoughtful and technical book--a statement of position and a response to critics--and it is huge...It is not a textbook as the title might suggest; instead, it is evolutionary theory as viewed through Gould's unique vision.”―Stephen Lewis, Biologist

“Stephen Jay Gould doesn't hold anything back in this remarkable and important book. Impressive on many levels, The Structure of Evolutionary Theory represents Gould's all-out attempt to revise and extend evolutionary theory as proposed by Darwin in 1859...Gould's respect and admiration (I would even say, love) for Darwin as a scientist and as a man have been evident throughout all his writings, and this book, which begins and ends with Darwin, is no exception. In stating his motivation for it, Gould leaves no doubt that his goal is not just to explicate evolutionary theory but to laud Darwin as well...While presenting a case that should strengthen his own place in history, Gould also makes it known that he is preserving the legacy of his mentor as well, at least for now.”―Mark Davis, Ruminator Review

“The Structure of Evolutionary Theory was, we are told, ten years in the making, and is in many ways likely to be seen as Gould's greatest achievement. Of the enjoyment that many hundreds of thousands have gained from reading Gould's essays there can be no doubt...[T]here is no doubt that this is a profound and major contribution to evolutionary theory, standing high above the smoke of battle in the Darwin Wars.”―Steven Rose, Times Literary Supplement

著者について

Stephen Jay Gould was Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology at Harvard University and Vincent Astor Visiting Professor of Biology at New York University. A MacArthur Prize Fellow, he received innumerable honors and awards and wrote many books, including Ontogeny and Phylogeny and Time’s Arrow, Time’s Cycle (both from Harvard).

登録情報

ASIN ‏ : ‎ B00IVHCTOY
出版社 ‏ : ‎ Belknap Press; 第1版 (2002/3/21)
発売日 ‏ : ‎ 2002/3/21
言語 ‏ : ‎ 英語
ファイルサイズ ‏ : ‎ 12433 KB
Text-to-Speech（テキスト読み上げ機能） ‏ : ‎ 有効
X-Ray ‏ : ‎ 有効にされていません
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付箋メモ ‏ : ‎ Kindle Scribeで
本の長さ ‏ : ‎ 1430ページ

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EMBRYONIZED DRAGON

百年後も色あせないだろう、凄まじく重厚なダーウィンの進化論の考察を展開！

2021年11月10日に日本でレビュー済み

百科事典並みに分厚く、文章・言葉も超絶に重厚で難解、しかし、断続平衡説を支持するデータの豊富さはグールドの著作でも最強レベルの、生物進化の書籍でした。ただ読むという行為だけで、私は力尽きました。自然選択、発生拘束、環境要因、という三つの要素はいずれも無視できないものであり、これらを包むように、偶発性という要素が絡むのが進化で、ダーウィンの種の起源から現在まで、その考え方は変わってはいないのだ、と、私なりに理解しました

（間違っていたらすいません、2021年11月下旬に日本語版が出ますが、読んでいません。英語力が低いため、申し訳ないです）

遺伝子は相互作用の因子と考えること、断続平衡説はれっきとしたデータであり、進化のパターンは断続平衡であって漸進でも跳躍でもないこと、生物の進化には、教会のスパンドレルのように、当初は意味不明でも別の目的に利用され、必要になる、いきあたりばったりな面があること、等々が記憶に残っています。日本では木村資生で有名な中立進化については、記載はされていましたが、重視はされていないようでした。あくまで個体が単位で、変化のパターンを見ることが重要なようです。

第10・11章は形態形成遺伝子、クリスタリンの多機能、遺伝子重複、SINEなど遺伝子以外のDNAなど、分子生物学の知見が豊富でした。発生拘束についてはこの章で詳しく論じられて、面白かったです。

全般的に、生物学のみならず、他の科学分野（自己組織化やシュミレーション、地質学など）、宗教、政治、哲学、ポップカルチャーなど、文系の知識も恐ろしく豊富で、研究や他の著作もものして、一体寝る時間あったのか？と思うような質の本でした。グールドのような異彩を放つ巨星は、今後、現れないようにも思えました。著作の完成まで20年は早すぎるくらいです。日本語版も20年かかっているという情報を得ています。つまり、日本語版が生まれるまで40年かかっていることになりますが、内容から超特急の速さです。

最後に、日本語訳の誕生を心よりお祝い申し上げます。
星4つは、私の理解力が至らないことで、4つです。本書は星一万個は必要と思います。

(2022/9/16)
日本語訳された「進化理論の構造Ｉ」を読みました。原著よりはわずかに理解が深まったと自覚しています。それでも、第1章の導入は非常に難しかったです。各章の要約がありますが、非常に難解でした。その後は、ダーウィンの進化論に始まり、その前後の時代に進化の研究をしてきた偉人達の激論や成果や誤りが綿密に検証されていきます。個体レベルでの繁殖をめぐる生存闘争➡自然淘汰➡地質年代のスケールで生物の進化を類推、という軸があって、それに対して、自然淘汰は個体だけに働くのか？大きな変異であれば進化できるのか？進化を見る時間のスケールはどうなのか？動物の形の原型はどうなのか？機能を重視するのか、形態を重視するのか？等々の観点で、レトリックや知見などを駆使した激論のドラマが繰り広げられていきます（と私は理解しました）。Ｉの最後は総合説と呼ばれる、進化論と遺伝学の融合を経た、生物学の教科書で説明される進化理論に至る章になりますが、著者はその考えに納得していないようでした。IIを読むのを楽しみにしています。
日本語ではおそらく出来ていないダーウィンの未完「自然選択説」の図が掲載されており、種の起源の系統の図と上下逆になるような図がありますが、方向性のある変異が種の多様化をもたらす考えを、ダーウィンは示しているようです。
このようにとりとめもない日本語を書いていますが、原著ではこの言葉を書くところまでいかない、語彙の豊富な重層的な英文もあり、ここまでいかないです。母国語での超一流の翻訳が読めることに、心より感謝します。

(2022/09/26)
日本語訳された「進化理論の構造II」を読みました。階層性の理論（6つの階層の相互作用で考える。ダーウィンは個体のみを考慮したが、個体としての種レベルの淘汰を中心に考える）・断続平衡説の正当性（観察事実より現象の相対頻度で圧倒）から、進化発生学の進歩によって解明された歴史・機能・構造面での拘束性、スパンドレルの機能転用に代表される外適応や気候変動など偶発的におこる出来事の考慮（地質学的スケールで見ると、小進化で得たことの外挿は不可）、の内容が網羅されていました。英語版を読んだ時に記載した、自身が理解したつもりで書いたことの多くに誤りがあり、非常に恥ずかしい思いです（例えば、遺伝子は相互作用の因子ですらなく（限られた条件を除いて）帳簿である、中立説を重視していないのではなく、木村自身も環境によっては中立変異も生物の適応につながると考えていたようだ（外適応に相当））。

ですが、形質の外適応が遺伝子からクレードに至るまでの階層性をまたぐことで、突然変異が大進化に貢献しうることがあるのだと思いました。日本語でこの大著と出会えた人生に心から感謝したいです。

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Terry Defoe

An Evangelist for Science

2017年8月2日にカナダでレビュー済み

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This massive tome is a fitting conclusion to Stephen Jay Gould's stellar (and much too brief) career as a scientist and prolific writer. Gould (1941-2002), paleontologist, tireless advocate of evolution, (and, ironically, friend of faith) died of cancer in 2002 at 60 years of age. He said, prophetically, in his 1989 book titled Wonderful Life, (p. 206), “The Lord gives us so little time for a career, forty years if we start early as graduate students and remain in good health, fifty if fortune smiles.”

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Jim Blake, Jr.

Inspiring-A great Book

2014年12月28日にアメリカ合衆国でレビュー済み

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This book should have been called “Deconstructing Darwin” or “The Structure of My Evolutionary Theory”. Gould was reluctant to give ammo to Creationists and his ego was monumental but not so big that he wished to be seen by colleagues overtly replacing a towering cultural icon with himself. Nonetheless, Gould uses 1,343 pages to kneecap Darwin, apologizing, pussy-footing, hemming, hawing and aw-shucksing throughout as he tries to kill the great precursor- a tortured psycho- drama worthy of Dostoevsky, a Freudian case study of Oedipal contortion or an essay by Harold Bloom.

Gould uses 1,343 pages to create a structure that might support his bold assertions contradicting three key elements of Darwin’s iconic masterpiece “The Evolution of Species” The foundation of Gould’s ambitious edifice is an account of 150 years of evolutionary theory, easily worth the price of the book, lucid, fascinating, detailed, erudite. In part one of two parts, Gould lays this broad foundation of late 19th and 20th century ideas, many running counter to doctrines of a strict Darwinism that, though showing signs of wear, remains lodged in the Modern zeitgeist. SJG’s rationale for examining the history of so many ideas no longer receiving traction during much of the 20th century up to his own career, serves as building blocks for SJG’s grand theoretical swerve away from Charles Darwin. SJG revives key features of once dismissed evolutionary thinking. Marginalized thought is re-animated by

SJG to reflect 40 years of genetic research. In his effort to re-write Darwinian causality SJG uses diverse heuristic strategies from the philosophy he majored in as an undergraduate, the paleontology he built his early scientific career upon, to history, religion, literature and several branches of bio-science.

In two nutshells: first Darwin then Gould’s “apostasy”:

Darwin’s three theoretical branches beyond the main trunk of Darwin’s theory tree, that organisms evolve at all, are as follows: 1. Species evolve gradually and continuously in very small increments over the wide expanse of an epoch(s) Any change whatsoever will be insensible in a dozen or even a thousand human lifetimes. 2. Species evolve due to natural selection ( survival of the fittest and weirdest) caused by forces external to the individual. These external forces of causation act upon mutations manifest in individual organisms. These external forces of selection are: A. competition within species for sexual access B. adjusting ( or not ) to climate C. competition with other organisms in its ecosystem for food and dominance. 3. The primary taxonomic level in a hierarchy of causation for plant and animal evolution is the individual organism, not down a level to the gene (Dawkins) or up a taxonomic level, or three, to the species, clade or the phylum (Gould).

SJG, on the strength of the Niles Eldredge-SJG theory of Punctuated Equilibrium along with 40 years of genetic research done by others, has denied, demoted, contradicted Darwin: 1. Evolution is characterized by punctuated equilibrium, short periods of speciation ( great change) followed by eons of stasis. Evidence described in hundreds of published scientific experiments and exploration during past 50 years. There do exist species that evolve gradually, but most, as seen in the 350 million year fossil record, do not. 2. It has been proven by genetic research of the past thirty years that the bulk of our genome has been chemically locked into its chromosomal place for many millions of years. Humans share genetic sequences for metabolism and organ development with many chordates, vertebrates, mammals and especially primates. Very little of our genome is available for Darwin’s version of natural selection. The majority of genetic change is internally driven by genetic and physical constraint, not driven by forces external to the individual, as Darwin asserted. 3. The individual is not the primary causal level, in the Linnaean taxonomy, for natural selection. Gould and others assert that the key entity in the evolutionary drama is the species not the individual. Entire species survive and diversify or become extinct in response to rare catastrophic forces of climate change, bolide ( comet, meteor, asteroid) impact and or plate tectonic effects on ocean currents, weather patterns and vegetation growth as continents shift.

After ten weeks of enjoyment working my way slowly through this non-edited ( if only it were poorly edited) but intensely engaging manuscript bristling with drama, hard science, truthy science, petty bickering, axe-grinding, Shakespearian and Biblical erudition, I conclude the following:

1. This is a great book on any terms, forgiving its bloviation and inexplicable levels of repetition, it is easily the most intellectually stimulating book I have ever read. So much fun to engage in conversation / battle with author on most every page, filling margins, taking more than a hundred pages of notes.

2.The first 585 pages are the deeply fascinating history of evolutionary theory per book title - the remaining 758 pages is a turgid, clotted, repetitious, weed-addled case for kneecapping Darwin while issuing a continuous stream of obsequious, deferential encomiums to this now untouchable ( lest one fuel Creationism) icon.

3.Much of SJG’s evidence for his cornerstone of De-Darwining - his theory of Punctuated Equilibrium is scientific papers ( many his own) on mollusk fossils many of which are pelagic neonates

4.SJG analyzes, in excruciating detail, the “evolution” or lack thereof of fossils in a given deep boring or sample of strata ignoring the possibility that the species he has observed as a single one through millions of years, could easily have floated into his field of study from left field ( cue: Beach Boys hit song “Kokomo”)

5.SJG’s assertion that the species is the key causal taxonomic level reads more like a jealous rebuke to nemesis Richard Dawkins in response to RD’s very popular 1978 book “The Selfish Gene”. After dozens and dozens of pages of SJG hammering away at RD ( reader screaming for an editor here) OK, we get it. SJG’s species level has its role as does Darwin’s preferred level, the individual. SJG’s case for the primacy of the species, though interesting and well documented is not convincing.

6.SJG’s sawing away at thrid leg of Darwin’s three-legged theory - that natural selection is externally driven not internal, is the most viable of SJG’s three points of glorious contention.Gould’s scientific evidence from an array of geneticists is fascinating and a worthy candidate for amending the Modern Synthesis.

7.One out of three ain't bad and hats off for Punct. Equilibrum, a theory that opened a lot of minds. There must be better evidence than the studies shown in this book for such a cool swerve from Darwin’s gradualism.

8.SJG knew he was dying of cancer when he wrote the second half of this book. He smoked a lot of weed to kill his pain. Although it was fun to note in margin when the smoke dominated clear thinking and writing, rewriting and editing it probably wasn’t polite. All-in-all, a grrrr-eat book. I love it. It comes across more like a Russian novel or “Moby Dick” with Darwin as leviathan than a science book. I got deep enjoyment from every one of the 500 hours I spent reading it. I’m going to miss it.

9.Don’t miss the Jim Blake ( aka: Harlan James) essay, inspired by TSOET “The Ugly Gene-Hardwired for Banality” coming soon to e-books.

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Un libro che ogni paleontologo dovrebbe leggere

2016年4月4日にイタリアでレビュー済み

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Per avere una visione globale del dibattito scientifico sull'evoluzione, trattata in ogni suo aspetto.
S.J. Gould resta uno dei più grandi pensatori e divulgatori del campo.

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Gren Lucas

Four Stars

2014年8月26日に英国でレビュー済み

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A great man at his best, and sadly missed in todays debates!

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C. Daniel

THE answer to what is evolution

2024年3月18日にアメリカ合衆国でレビュー済み

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Stephen Jay Gould must have put all his evolutionary knowledge into this book. At over 1400 pages what is does not cover is what hasn't been thought of yet.
This covers evolutionary theory from Darwin to the present day.
You have a question on evolution ... it is in here!

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