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David Benatar
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The Human Predicament: A Candid Guide to Life's Biggest Questions (English Edition) Kindle版

英語版 David Benatar (著) 形式: Kindle版
5つ星のうち4.4 296
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Are our lives meaningful, or meaningless? Is our inevitable death a bad thing? Would immortality be an improvement? Would it be better, all things considered, to hasten our deaths by suicide? Many people ask these big questions -- and some people are plagued by them. Surprisingly, analytic philosophers have said relatively little about these important questions about the meaning of life. When they have tackled the big questions, they have tended, like popular writers, to offer comforting, optimistic answers. The Human Predicament invites readers to take a clear-eyed and unfettered view of the human condition.

David Benatar here offers a substantial, but not unmitigated, pessimism about the central questions of human existence. He argues that while our lives can have some meaning, we are ultimately the insignificant beings that we fear we might be. He maintains that the quality of life, although less bad for some than for others, leaves much to be desired in even the best cases. Worse, death is generally not a solution; in fact, it exacerbates rather than mitigates our cosmic meaninglessness. While it can release us from suffering, it imposes another cost - annihilation. This state of affairs has nuanced implications for how we should think about many things, including immortality and suicide, and how we should think about the possibility of deeper meaning in our lives. Ultimately, this thoughtful, provocative, and deeply candid treatment of life's big questions will interest anyone who has contemplated why we are here, and what the answer means for how we should live.
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  1. 本の長さ
    289ページ
  2. 言語
    英語
  3. 付箋メモ
    Kindle Scribeで
  4. 出版社
    Oxford University Press
  5. 発売日
    2017/5/5
  6. ファイルサイズ
    1497 KB
  7. Page Flip
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  8. Word Wise
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  9. タイプセッティングの改善
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商品の説明

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What thinking person doesn't care about the (possible) meaning of life, the quality of human life, the nature and disvalue of death, the option of suicide, and many other similar topics? David Benatar addresses these engaging and important topics along with many others. The book is well-argued and extremely well-written. I was struck by the sense that the quality was about as high as any philosophy I can remember reading: short, clear sentences, with not a word wasted or misplaced. Even someone who is sunnier in outlook than Benatar, yet willing to take his arguments seriously, may end up finding that he or she agrees with most of them in this volume. I do not see the human predicament as pessimistically as David Benatar does; but I found myself disagreeing less than I expected to -- for example, in his sensitive and probing discussion of suicide. ― David DeGrazia, George Washington University

The Human Predicament is worth reading for its often insightful discussion of the practical implications of accepting the broad pessimistic contention that all lives are bad when judged by any relevant measure. ― David Matheson, Carleton University, Canada, The Philosophical Quarterly

Those readers familiar with Better Never to Have Been will find the discussion of the self in The Human Predicament worth their attention. However, I encourage first-time readers of Benetar's pessimistic philosphy to start with The Human Predicament. It is both highly accessible and engrossing -- so much so that it can be read in one day. ― Kirsten Egerstrom, The Philosophers' Magazine

David Benatar's new book, The Human Predicament, offers justifiably pessimistic analyses of some of the most interesting and important issues of human existence, including birth, suffering, death, and suicide. Benatar's analyses are as beautifully crafted and written as they are scholarly and thoughtful. The Human Predicament is a grand work of philosophy, but contains important insights for many of the social and life sciences, including psychology, sociology, biology, as well as to medicine and law. Not only will I recommend this book to my colleagues and graduate and undergraduate students, but I also will recommend it to my family and friends. The Human Predicament is a stunning achievement by a deeply compassionate man. ― Todd Shackelford, Distinguished Professor and Chair of Psychology, Oakland University

著者について

David Benatar is Professor of Philosophy and the Head of the Philosophy department at University of Cape Town, South Africa. He is the author of Better Never to Have Been: The Harm of Coming Into Existence (2006) and Debating Procreation: Is it Wrong to Reproduce? (2015).

登録情報

  • ASIN ‏ : ‎ B071XX2QVJ
  • 出版社 ‏ : ‎ Oxford University Press; 第1版 (2017/5/5)
  • 発売日 ‏ : ‎ 2017/5/5
  • 言語 ‏ : ‎ 英語
  • ファイルサイズ ‏ : ‎ 1497 KB
  • Text-to-Speech（テキスト読み上げ機能） ‏ : ‎ 有効
  • X-Ray ‏ : ‎ 有効にされていません
  • Word Wise ‏ : ‎ 有効
  • 付箋メモ ‏ : ‎ Kindle Scribeで
  • 本の長さ ‏ : ‎ 289ページ
  • ページ番号ソース ISBN ‏ : ‎ 0190633816
  • カスタマーレビュー:
    5つ星のうち4.4 296

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5つ星のうち5.0 One of the most important books I have ever read!
2018年3月21日に日本でレビュー済み
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The argument about the meaning of life can be often ambiguous, poetic and won't reach the convincing conclusion. However, professor Benatar carefully analyses the surrounding issues and gives an uncomfortable, yet striking truth about our life. Highly recommended.
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Sanin Džananović
5つ星のうち5.0 Great stuff
2024年4月11日にドイツでレビュー済み
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I dont have anyone to share my pessimistic thoughts with, and reading this book was really great for me.
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jordan david crago
5つ星のうち5.0 Dark, almost certainly true, but potentially hard to live with
2022年9月1日に英国でレビュー済み
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Robert Macfarlane says that maybe once or twice in your life you will "encounter an idea so powerful in its implications that it unsettles the ground you walk on", and this describes what this book was for me. This book argues that while there is some meaning in life, it is limited; while life is worth continuing, most of the time, it is never worth starting; and that is because the evil in life outweighs the good, despite the psychological biases that try to convince us otherwise. His sophisticated arguments in support of this philosophical pessimism rang very powerfully true to my experience and observation of the world, and none of the counter-arguments I've read appear to me very convincing -- though I wish they did. In fact, that I can't pretend not to think Benatar is right even though I wish I could only strengthens my conviction.

In the final chapter of this dark book, Benatar responsibly addresses the question of how you should proceed in life with this worldview. He puts forth a "pragmatic pessimism" whereby you distract yourself from but refuse to deny the human predicament by pursuing those things in which you can find some terrestrial meaning. This -- other than refusing to condemn any(more) beings to the tragedy of existence -- is realistically the most you can do with this dark knowledge, but I do wish Benatar had tried harder to leave his readers with consolation, in the way other pessimists do. For example, Samuel Beckett infuses his pessimism with a tragic sense of humour. Thankfully, another contemporary pessimist, Mara van der Lugt, has written a book called Dark Matters in which she defends a "hopeful pessimism". If, like me, Benatar's book darkened your spirits because you think he's right, then I recommend reading Dark Matters next.
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Cynikal
5つ星のうち5.0 "Life in the Cosmos"
2017年11月5日にカナダでレビュー済み
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Being pessimistic by nature, Schopenhauer was always my hero... until I read D. Benetar.
He has presently taken on that role. Both these great thinkers, tainted by their slightly despondent outlook on life, were less swayed by the existential bias-m that most people succumb to.
Yes, frequently, life has great moments , but they come at such a price that overall (mathematically speaking) it is unfavorable. Our existential bias (will to live) will eclipse our struggles as our brains are designed for the purpose of survival.
The few individuals that possess that peculiar awakening to see through this instinctive (as a consequence of their slight mental constitution) behavior perceive the process from a completely divergent manner.
This book is an illustration of the obvious reality of "Life in the Cosmos".
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luca lo sapio
5つ星のうち5.0 A candid guide to life’s biggest questions
2019年10月4日にイタリアでレビュー済み
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A brilliant book everybody should read in order to get some advice to avoid the unnecessary burdens of human predicament.
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Michael P.
5つ星のうち5.0 Review of The Human Predicament
2017年6月22日にアメリカ合衆国でレビュー済み
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I hope David Benatar continues to write books. Having read The Human Predicament (THP), it’s hard for me to imagine what a follow-up project would look like. THP is one of those works that reads as a definitive statement of a thinker’s main ideas. And the topics Benatar discusses – which essentially revolve around the (un-)reality, extent, and practical significance of life’s meaningfulness, worthwhileness, and burdensome character – come close to exhausting the most fundamental concerns of any sensitive and philosophically inclined person. (How close? That depends, say, on how far one agrees with Camus’s opening to The Myth of Sisyphus. It is perhaps more urgent to get straight on the question of suicide, than to adjudicate between Aristotle’s and Kant’s accounts of the categories.)

Many readers of THP should already be familiar with Benatar as an advocate of antinatalism, a view which maintains that, for any being capable of suffering harm, it is a misfortune to have come into existence, and moreover, as a consequence, we should never choose to procreate.

Benatar discusses antinatalism and its implications in an earlier book called Better Never to Have Been (BNTHB), and some of the discussion is reiterated in THP. To my mind, antinatalism receives more interesting treatment in THP, because THP emphasizes the more interesting aspect of antinatalism: the view that life is an affliction (to plagiarize Edgar Saltus) – or simply, pessimism. BNTHB, in contrast, spends more time on the anti-procreative aspect of antinatalism, to the point of asking whether abortion should be regarded as morally obligatory (and not merely permissible), and whether the ideal population size is zero; these, even when handled professionally, can be little more than philosophically interesting issues which nevertheless reinforce people’s image of philosophy itself as juvenile and pointless.

But upon finishing THP, I felt that pessimism had gained a respectable voice, as a consequence of both the book’s substance and its style.

Benatar’s writing is mostly clear, sober, and dispassionate, helpfully organized, professional but conversational, devoid of stuffiness and excessive jargon. It isn’t relentlessly depressing; most of what he writes (as with much philosophical literature) is intended to develop, clarify, and support his arguments – but it isn’t too much of a chore to read. And not all of it reads like an academic article: There is some unobtrusive humor (see, e.g., the “atheist T-shirt”). There’s a glimpse of nature’s jaw-dropping cruelty, for which Benatar borrows another author’s description of some predatory animals in the act of killing. And finally, the discussion of suicide at times seems consciously “restrained,” by which I mean that I could picture Benatar struggling not to be overtaken by righteous anger against his more callous and thoughtless opponents (who would have it that suicide, with few if any exceptions, is “obviously” wrong, irrational, cowardly, etc.). Otherwise Benatar maintains an even tone, and the book – and the credibility of pessimism itself – benefit from it; it should accordingly be difficult for his opponent to ridicule or pathologize his position, or write it off as a mere eccentricity.

As for the substance, Benatar’s key conclusions may be identified as follows: (1) Human life can, fortunately, be meaningful, but only in limited, qualified ways: Our lives can mean something (i.e., can make a valuable difference) to other humans, but rarely to society at large, and never to the universe. (2) Our cosmic meaninglessness is regrettable. (3) Most people greatly overestimate the quality of their lives. (4) Life is actually quite bad overall. (5) Death, too, is quite bad, and not merely because it deprives us of agreeable future experiences; it is intrinsically bad for us to be annihilated. (6) Although immortality could be very bad, it could instead under certain conditions be very good; and this makes our mortality regrettable. (7) Suicide, while tragic, is not always immoral or irrational; it is conceivable for a sane individual to judge her suicide as the most warranted response to her (or our) condition, and morality and compassion oblige us to respect the rights of such persons to make such decisions. (8) We are morally obligated not to procreate. (9) Our limited sources of meaning (e.g. among family, friends, and the community) may be welcomed as “distractions” from the harsh realities of the human situation.

I won’t elaborate on these here; nor will I mention which of these conclusions are, to my mind, supported more or less persuasively, or which should be rejected in favor of something else. I see those as tasks to be undertaken throughout one’s life. I’m grateful to Benatar for the clarity and stimulation, and for demonstrating about as well as one can nowadays that pessimism can be a respectable philosophical outlook.

Now, some readers will regard Benatar’s treatment of these perennial concerns as a tad breezy and superficial. To them (and to anyone interested in philosophical pessimism) I would suggest looking into Frederick Beiser’s Weltschmerz for a taste of the great pessimism controversy of 19th-century German philosophy. The participants in that controversy supply some insights and alternative perspectives that don't receive treatment in THP – and Beiser recreates them in summary form. (I only wish there were more English translations of the philosophers Beiser discusses.) Also, I am much less acquainted with Eastern philosophy, but I fully expect an eventual research into, say, Buddhism to enhance my understanding of pessimism.
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