Reasons for the dramatic evolution of AI Technological innovations in AI have been made possible by the practical application of machine learning and the emergence of deep learning, which were made possible by improved computing power of computers and the use of big data. What meaning does each have? Practical Application of Machine Learning Machine learning is the realization of the "learning" mechanism in humans using computers. It will automatically create algorithms that can find patterns and rules from input data and apply them to new data to make identification and predictions. Since the 2010s, it has become possible to handle vast amounts of information, and the practical application of machine learning has progressed. The emergence of deep learning In machine learning, it was necessary for humans to define features and improve accuracy. Features are indicators of which parts to focus on in order to find patterns. The emerging deep learning is revolutionary in that it can automatically extract features from training data. Development of GPU One of the important driving forces for the evolution of AI is the development of GPU (graphics processing unit). It was only in the late 2000s and early 2010s that it became clear that its highly parallel processing capabilities were well-suited for AI learning tasks, particularly deep learning. Prior to that, GPU computing power was rarely utilized for AI training. Deep learning requires large amounts of data and computational power. In particular, neural network training can involve millions to billions of parameters, and the calculations needed to update them all at the same time are enormous. A CPU (central processing unit) can also perform these calculations, but its processing speed is limited. GPUs, on the other hand, have a large number of cores and can perform large amounts of calculations simultaneously. As a result, deep learning calculation tasks can be processed at high speed, making it possible to significantly shorten AI training time. In addition, GPU manufacturer NVIDIA provides a platform specializing in AI calculations called CUDA. This allows developers to maximize the computing power of GPUs, further accelerating the evolution of AI. In this way, the development of GPUs has become an important foundation supporting the modern AI boom. What happened with the evolution of AI?He asked us about the specific changes that have occurred in our daily lives as a result of the advent of AI and the advancement of technology. We will introduce some representative examples. AI defeats humans in Go and Shogi In games that require strategies based on complex thinking and patterns, confrontations between strong humans and AI often attract attention. In 1997, an AI developed by IBM, called Deep Blue, defeated the then world champion in chess. In shogi, Compusoft defeated the top shogi player in 2012. Furthermore, in Go, which was said to be difficult for AI to win because the board is larger and has more patterns than chess or shogi, in 2016, top Go player Lee Kudan was defeated by the computer program "AlphaGo". It became a hot topic. Progress is also being made in the development of AI ``AlphaZero,'' which can learn on its own without looking at past data such as game records. Credit Card Fraud Monitoring The AI technology introduced by financial institutions to prevent credit card fraud is a system called ``Regtech.'' This system uses AI that uses machine learning to learn past fraud patterns to monitor risks, and is widely used for fraud prevention, such as online identity verification and money laundering prevention. AI recommendation function It has become common for recommended products on e-commerce sites and advertisements on social media to be displayed based on an individual's purchase history and browsing history. Products and content are promoted efficiently by capturing the interests and hobbies of each user. On the other hand, some point out that AI recommendations will lead to a loss of individual diversity. Autonomous Driving It is hoped that having cars driven automatically by AI will improve convenience and significantly reduce traffic accidents. It also has benefits as a means of alleviating traffic congestion and as a means of transportation in rural areas where public transportation is scarce. As of 2022, "conditionally self-driving vehicles (limited areas)" have been realized in Japan. The autonomous driving system can be activated on expressways, etc., but if the system is unable to continue autonomous driving, the driver must return to driving. In the future, it is envisaged that we will see the realization of ``self-driving cars (limited areas)'' that can travel on a predetermined route without driver involvement, and ``fully self-driving cars'' that have no area restrictions. Automatic translation Technology that uses AI to translate words into another language is also prominent. With the advent of deep learning, translations that are more natural and closer to human-like translations are becoming a reality. It has become commonplace, being used as a translator for traveling abroad and when viewing websites written in foreign languages. Medical image diagnosis Advances in deep learning have also improved the technology for AI to recognize images. In medical settings, AI recognizes radiation images and supports the detection of abnormalities, helping to prevent oversights and improve work efficiency. In 2021, there are cases in which an AI system that supports image diagnosis of the new coronavirus was approved as a medical device. Advanced text generation such as ChatGPT and Bing AI One of the advances in AI in recent years is the dramatic improvement in text generation ability. Typical examples are OpenAI's "ChatGPT" and Microsoft's "Bing AI." These AIs use natural language processing (NLP) technology to generate natural sentences that are easy for humans to understand. In particular, ``ChatGPT'' has the ability to learn from large amounts of text data and generate natural conversations, and it tends to be widely used as customer service chatbots and writing aid tools. Bing AI, on the other hand, has the ability to explain web search results in natural language. It also supports image generation, allowing users to create new images based on user instructions using Bing Image Creator. Highly automatic generation of images and illustrations Automatic image and illustration generation technology is a technology in which AI automatically generates images and illustrations by inputting text and data. This technology is used in fields such as design and art. Specific examples of automatic image and illustration generation technologies include the following. ・DALL・E When you input text, it is an AI that generates an image that matches the content. For example, if you enter text such as ``an avocado-shaped chair'' or ``a bear is on Mars,'' it will generate images that correspond to those words. ・Stable Diffusion is an AI that generates high-quality images that match the content when you input text or images. For example, if you enter the text "cat," it will generate images of different types of cats. In addition, by inputting a photo of a person's face, it is possible to generate a photo of another person similar to that person. Impact of AI evolution on society Evolution of AI is having a major impact on society as a whole, from business to daily life. For example, in the manufacturing industry, automation and optimization using AI is improving productivity. In addition, in terms of customer service, AI chatbots are now available 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, contributing to improved customer satisfaction. In the medical field, AI is used as a diagnostic support system, leading to early detection and accurate diagnosis. Furthermore, advances in autonomous driving technology are expected to reduce traffic accidents and make more efficient use of time. AI is also being applied to the field of education and learning, making it possible to provide individualized education, such as providing teaching materials tailored to each individual's learning progress and level of understanding. On the other hand, it is also true that advances in AI are raising concerns about employment. As automation through AI and robots progresses, some jobs may disappear. Another issue is the social impact and ethical issues caused by AI decisions. Introducing predictions for the next 10 years due to the evolution of AI AI in 10 years' time is expected to have even more advanced technology and a wider range of applications than today. There is a possibility that AI will surpass humans in its ability to solve problems. For example, AI may one day come up with solutions to complex, large-scale problems such as climate change, economic recession, and disease outbreaks.Also, AI is a new technology that will make human life more convenient and comfortable. will produce. AI is expected to be used in all aspects of daily life, including housework, childcare, and health management. It is predicted that the evolution of AI will greatly change our lives and bring out even more human potential. However, on the other hand, advances in AI may also bring about new problems. If human jobs are replaced by AI, we cannot deny the possibility that employment instability and economic disparity will further widen. Additionally, as AI processes large amounts of personal information, the risk of privacy violations and information leaks may increase. Furthermore, as AI decisions become deeply involved in human society, AI ethics and countermeasures against errors caused by AI decisions will become important. As AI evolves, measures and regulations will also be needed to address these challenges. The future of AI holds both great opportunities and challenges. We need to fully understand the impact of AI and respond appropriately. The next 10 years will be a critical turning point in the evolution of AI and the creation of a new relationship with society. Advantages and Disadvantages of AI Evolution Let's summarize the advantages and disadvantages of AI evolution. Advantages 1. Eliminating labor shortages The problem of labor shortages may be resolved by AI taking over tasks and simple labor that are difficult for humans to perform. It is expected to be used in fields where there is a shortage of human resources, especially in areas where there is a serious shortage of nursing care personnel in an aging society. 2. Improving productivity AI can greatly contribute to improving productivity in manufacturing and service industries because it can process large amounts of data at high speed. 3. Reducing mistakes and accidents and improving safety AI's decisions are always constant and do not get tired like humans, so it is expected to reduce the mistakes and accidents that humans can make. For example, further advances in self-driving technology will likely lead to fewer traffic accidents. Four. Reducing costs AI can operate 24 hours a day and contributes to reducing human labor costs. Additionally, automation and optimization using AI will reduce costs through efficient business operations. Five. Improving customer satisfaction AI recommendation functions and chatbots improve the quality of customer service and increase customer satisfaction. Disadvantages 1. Possibility of human jobs being taken away As efficiency and automation progress through AI, there is a possibility that some human jobs will be replaced by AI. There is a concern that this will lead to instability in employment, especially in unskilled labor. 2. Responsibility in the event of a failure in AI's judgment When an accident or problem occurs due to AI's judgment, the question is who should take responsibility for it. This is one of the major issues from a legal and ethical perspective. 3. Privacy Issues As AI processes large amounts of personal information, the risk of privacy violations due to information leaks or inappropriate use increases. Data privacy and security will become increasingly important issues as AI becomes more widespread. Four. Risks of military use The military use of AI technology could create a new military balance and style of warfare. There will be an urgent need to create international rules regarding the development and use of AI weapons. Five. Security Issues Since AI systems themselves may be subject to cyber attacks, security measures are an important issue. In particular, the security of systems that affect human life, such as self-driving cars and medical AI, has become a top priority issue. Based on these advantages and disadvantages, there is an increasing need for specific measures and regulations in each field to deal with the problems that arise as AI evolves. What is singularity? The phenomenon in which AI technology surpasses humans and has intelligence that is smarter than humans is called "singularity." The Singularity will enable AI to do things that were previously only possible for humans. For example, human jobs will be replaced by AI,
AIが飛躍的に進化した理由 AIの技術革新を大きく進めたのは、
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