仏蘭西についてメモ

先ず、小泉義之氏;


初めて翻訳されたドゥルーズの著作は、一九七三年の蓮實重彦訳『マゾッホとサド』であった。初めて翻訳されたドゥルーズガタリの共著は、一九七八年の宇波彰・岩田行一訳『カフカ』であった。初めて翻訳されたガタリの著作は、一九八八年の杉村昌昭訳『分子革命』であった。想起しておきたいのは、ドゥルーズガタリの導入以前の哲学思想界の主流をなしていたのはドイツ系であったということである。哲学と言えばカントとヘーゲルであり、思想と言えばマルクス主義であった。少し広げてもやはりドイツ系であって、フォイエルバッハフィヒテシェリングフランクフルト学派ウェーバールカーチなどであった。私のバイアスのかかった記憶では、同じドイツ系でもニーチェフッサールハイデガーもマイナーであったし、フランス系のサルトルメルロ=ポンティは主としてマルクス主義の文脈で受容されていた。フランス哲学全般については、ポール・ニザンとともに「ブルジョアの犬」として切り捨てていたし、フランス思想については、戦中の軽井沢に淵源する教養主義は堪え難い腐臭を発していたし、フランス思想の頂点が渡辺一夫であると言われたところで何の使い道もないと受け止めていた。そして、当時の学生が履修した第二外国語にしても、ドイツ語の比率が他を圧倒して高かった。
http://d.hatena.ne.jp/desdel/20080314
日本において仏蘭西語がどのように知覚されていたか。以前引用した*1仏文学者の菅野昭正氏による太平洋戦争中の旧制高校の外国語教育を巡る言説を再録する;

ドイツは同盟国だからドイツ語は安泰、英語は真正面の敵性語学なのに流通範囲のひろさが買われたのか、授業時間の削減で片がついたらしい。しかるに、フランス語は敵性語である上、軟弱、頽廃的などと汚名を着せられたのか(それには、アヴェック、ランデーヴゥなどが歪められて濫用されたり、デカダンスのような健全な戦時風俗を壊乱する不穏な語が、幅をきかせていると買いかぶられたせいもあったのだろう)、いちばん厳しい受難に曝される。当時、フランス語を履修することができた高校は七校(高校の数は私立をふくめて全国で三十六校)、そのうち最上位の一高と三高については、辛うじて存続が認められたが、他の五校では(浦和はその部類)、完全に廃止されることになった。
ところで、私は大学に入って第2外国語は仏蘭西語にしたのだが、何故仏蘭西語にしたのかというのは自分でもよくわからない。ただ、独逸語には全然興味が湧かなかったということは憶えている。他の方々はどのような動機から第2外国語を選んでいるのであろうか。

『龍山に戻る』

Return to Dragon Mountain: Memories of a Late Ming Man

Return to Dragon Mountain: Memories of a Late Ming Man


Jonathan SpenceのReturn to Dragon Mountain: Memories of a Late Ming Man*1を暫く前に読了する。


Acknowledgments
The Zhang Family Tree
Zhang Dai's China


Prologue
1 Circle of Pleasure
2 Charting the way
3 On Home Ground
4 The World Beyond
5 Levels of Service
6 Over the Edge
7 Court on the Run
8 Living the Fall
9 Reclaiming the Past


Notes
Bibliography
Index

明末の文人、張岱*2の伝記というか、彼のエクリチュールを通して、明末の中国を紹興一帯というローカルなレヴェルにおいて再構成しようとする趣の本といえる。
先ず、”Prologue”から 張岱の生涯を要約しているパッセージを引用する;

Until Zhang Dai was in his forties, his life had revolved around the twin poles of scholarship and pleasure, though to Zhang Dai that might have been the wrong way to phrase it, since so much of scholarship was pleasure to him. Not, it is true, the daily grind of examination preparations, at which he labored unsuccessfully for so many years, but rather idea and reality of reading, cogitating and remembering, the glorious and inescapable fact of knowing that he could walk with the acknowledged masters of the past. For Zhang, the great historians, poets and essayists of the Chinese past were never far away, and though the standards they had set were often utterly unatainable, the mere act of reaching out toward them was thrilling in its own right.(pp.9-10)

The year 1644 thus marked a seismic shift in Zhang Dai's life: his earlier dream of writing a history of the Ming had to be replaced by the bleaker reality of explaining the reason behind the dynasty's fall. He claimed that in the years of his flight from the civil wars and chaos that accompanied the Manchu invasion of China, when he moved secretly from temple to temple in the southern mountains, sheltered by monks, he always carried with him the bulky draft manuscript of his Ming history. That may well be so, and he completed the huge work sometimes in the 1670s. Yet, though the surviving copy of that draft shows evidence that it was being readied for printing, the whole work only became available in China during the 1990s. Instead of achieving his major fame from his historical works, Zhang became best known for a very different kind of writing, the creation of brief aphoristic essays. (pp.10-11)
“Circle of Pleasure”では、 張岱の人生の前半部が再構成される。(関西の言葉でいうところの)ええしのぼんぼんで、バンドや劇団を結成し、燈籠をデザインし、月や菊を賞で、茶を嗜み、蟹を食らう。また、女郎を買いまくる*3。張岱の歴史家としての才能は先ず一族の人々の伝記的記述に現われている。”Charting the way”は張岱の玄祖父である張天復以来の一族の男たちの主に学問的業績を張岱のエクリチュールから再構成する。”On Home Ground”で再構成されるのは張氏を巡る女たちのポートレイト。”Levels of Service”や”Over the Edge”では張岱の1世代上、或いは同世代の親戚たち。”The World Beyond”で焦点が当てられるのは、トラヴェローグ作者としての張岱。張岱の視点から見た当時の泰山や普陀山。また、マテオ・リッチなどのカトリック宣教師たち。
”Court on the Run”以降は張岱の人生の後半部の記述となる。北京で明が滅び、清軍が江南に迫ってくる中、一時は魯王による明朝復興運動にコミットするが、やがて山中に逃亡し、10数年の後に自らの生地である紹興の龍山の麓に戻ってくる。因みに、明朝滅亡のどさくさで張岱の書物や美術品のコレクションは散逸してしまうが、これは清軍ではなく民の遺臣たちによる略奪によってであった。張岱の長い(人生の半分にも及ぶ)余生を支えたパッションは(スペンス氏によれば)、歴史を書くパッションであった――”The possibility of suicide was often with him—but he pushed it away with the thought that his greatest task, the history of the Ming, was still uncompleted.”(p.222)。
なお、”Living the Fall”には張岱の陶淵明への傾倒についての叙述があり(pp.224-228)、また最終章の”Reclaiming the Past”には陶淵明に倣って1665年に書かれた「自為墓誌銘(Self-written Obituary”)」への言及あり(pp.271-275)――”Zhang's concept of how to present his shortcomings was lyrical and imaginative, though initially given a touch of restraint by his use of the third-person mode to describe himself, just as he had done in many of his other most personal writings.”(p.272)

*1:Cf. http://d.hatena.ne.jp/sumita-m/20071011/1192121439 http://d.hatena.ne.jp/sumita-m/20080111/1200074839

*2:Cf. http://baike.baidu.com/view/34301.htm

*3:実際には、同時代の多くの中国人や日本人と同じく、バイセクシュアルであったようだ。

Info on Globalisation and Japanese Organisational Culture

EastAsian Anthropologist MLへの著者からのメッセージ;


Dear Colleagues,

Please find information below on my new book.

Apologies for detailing the chapter subheadings but I suspect that they better represent what I'm trying to do than the chapter titles alone. (For this audience I thought that detail would be acceptable, and I just hope they format legibly.) Meanwhile, in the attachment, check out the cover by my friend Steve Byram. He ordinarily designs covers for jazz cds, but I managed to rope him in for this one. To come up with this he actually read the book... and, hopefully, you will too.

Of related interest, I noted on the Association of Asian Studies site that there will be a roundtable entitled 'Bringing Culture Back In? Japanese Political and Business Studies in the 21st Century' at the upcoming meeting in April. I won't be there, but think my book directly addresses the sort of problems proposed in the session, e.g., how the partnership between contemporary social science theory and area studies might be encouraged/ expanded. In the book I strongly, if briefly, critique the use, or abuse, of 'culture' in general business studies, while discussing at length the largely unnoticed but valuable input that Japan anthropology has made to the - albeit limited - interest of general anthropology in the study of organisations, and, therefore, modernity itself. (The fact that we in Japan anthropology have been studying schools, shrines, businesses, baseball teams, sumo stables, shrines/temples, etc. - ie, organisations - for decades should put our work at the centre of recent surges in general anthropological discourse on 'our'/modern societies these days.
Whether that is happening is a different matter, of course.) Meanwhile, though I'm more interested in general problems thrown up by (ideas about) 'globalisation' than regional studies, per se, based in detailed ethnography I do try to theorise how information, knowledge, etc., moves across space,
obviously important issues in Asia and across the world generally.

All the best,

Mitch



Globalisation and Japanese Organisational Culture:

An Ethnography of a Japanese Corporation in France


Mitchell W. Sedgwick
Oxford Brookes University


Globalisation the global movement, and control, of products, capital, technologies, persons and images increasingly takes place through the work of organisations, perhaps the most powerful of which are multinational corporations. Based in an ethnographic analysis of cross-cultural social interactions in everyday workplace practices at a subsidiary of an elite, Japanese consumer electronics multinational in France, this book intimately examines, and theorises, contemporary global dynamics. Japanese corporate ‘know-how’ is described not simply as the combination of technological innovation riding on financial ‘clout’ but as a reflection of Japanese social relations, powerfully expressed in Japanese organisational dynamics. The book details how Japanese organisational power does and does not adapt in overseas settings: how Japanese managers and
engineers negotiate conflicts between their understanding of appropriate practices with those of local, non-Japanese staff in this case, French managers and engineers who hold their own distinctive cultural and organisational inclinations in the workplace.

The book argues that the insights provided by the intimate study of persons interacting within and
across organisations is crucial to a fulsome understanding of globalisation. This is assisted,
further, by a grounded examination of how ‘networks’ as social constructions are both expanded and bounded, a move which assists in collapsing the common reliance on micro and macro levels of analysis in considering global phenomena. The book poses important theoretical and methodological challenges for organisational studies as well as for analysis of the forces of globalisation by anthropologists and other social scientists.



Table of Contents


Globalisation and Japanese Organisational Culture: An Ethnography of a Japanese Corporation in France


Mitchell W. Sedgwick


Part I: Siting an Organisation

Chapter One:
Introduction

Opening

Analytic Perspectives on Globalisation in Anthropology

The History and Disciplining of Japanese Organisational Studies

Japanese Corporations, ‘Knowledge-creation’ and the Problem of Cross-cultural Relations

Bringing across Cultures: An Innocent Constructing of Hybridity, and an Informed Rejection of the
Analytic Efficacy of ‘Race’ and ‘Ethnicity’

Methodological Considerations for a Globalised Field


Chapter Two:
Japan’s Globalisations and a ‘Subsidiary’ in France

Five Rooms with Five Views (in a Factory)

The Political Economy of Japanese Investment in Manufacturing Abroad

Charting the Yama Corporation (in Europe)

Siting YamaMax

On the Ground at YamaMax

Producing Videotape

The Formal Organisational Structure of YamaMax


Part II: Organising Persons in Places

Chapter Three:
Personalising Socio-technical Relations

Introduction

Otake-san

Yamada-san

Nagata-san

Monsieur Marchalot

Monsieur Legrand

Organising Persons, Cultures and Hierarchy

Re-circulating Productions

Conclusion


Chapter Four:
Translating Power in Hierarchy: Seen and Unseen Organising

Introduction

Diversions of Production: Re-viewing a Test

Organising Knowledge of Organisations

Organising Power through Networks of 'Diffusion' and 'Translation'

Disorganising Assumptions: Re-viewing Cross-cultural Relations

Cross-cultural Efficacy and the Exaggerations of Language Analysis

Constructing Methods for Understanding Communicative Contingency

Diffusing Translations


Chapter Five:
Mobilising Architectures of Timing and Spacing: Ethnographies of Locations, Histories of Social
Relations

Introduction

Making Social Relations: Taking Place, in Time

‘Data’

Creating Researchers

‘Coeval’ Analysis

Reaching Conclusions


Part III: Incorporating Cultures: Local Reductions, Global Repercussions


Chapter Six:
Circulating Others among Japanese Managers: Perceiving Difference, Explaining to Ourselves
Introduction

Working the Intersubjective Social Whole

Idealised Japanese Manufacturing

Circulating the Fetishes of Production

Managerial Technology Transfer and the Hybrid Foreign Shopfloor

Circulating Others

The Pervasive Fictions of Seamlessness


Chapter Seven:
Postscript
Circulating Others among Anthropologists: Perceiving Similarity, Examining Ourselves

Anthropology and the Work of Representational Aesthetics

Going Inside, Losing Touch

Going Global, or Staying at Home and Losing the Other


Author Biography
Mitchell W. Sedgwick is Senior Lecturer in Anthropology, and Director of the Europe Japan Research Centre at Oxford Brookes University, UK. He was formerly Associate Director of the Program on US-Japan Relations, Harvard University, and Yasuda Fellow at the Faculty of Oriental Studies, and affiliated with King's College, University of Cambridge. During the 1980s Dr Sedgwick was a consulting organisational anthropologist in South East Asia and West Africa for the World Bank, and later worked in Cambodia on its first postwar election for the United Nations.



For further information on this volume, check this
website:
http://www.routledge.com/shopping_cart/products/product_detail.asp?curTab=DESCRIPTION&id=&parent_id=&sku=&isbn=9780415446785&pc

ネグリ

http://www.i-house.or.jp/jp/ProgramActivities/ushiba/index.htm


或る方経由の情報。
来日予定のアントニオ・ネグリ氏が「出入国管理及び難民認定法」の「日本国又は日本国以外の国の法令に違反して、一年以上の懲役若しくは禁錮又はこれらに相当する刑に処せられたことのある者」は「本邦に上陸することができない」という規定を楯にヴィザの発給を拒否され、また「ネグリ氏が政治犯であったことを証明する書類」が入手困難であったために、来日を断念。

北島新著など

Bernd Magnus & Kathleen M. Higgins (eds.) The Cambridge Companion to Nietzsche Cambridge University Press, 1996を買う。但し、生活・読書・新知三聯書店による影印本*1

The Cambridge Companion to Nietzsche (Cambridge Companions to Philosophy)

The Cambridge Companion to Nietzsche (Cambridge Companions to Philosophy)

また、詩人、北島の散文(随筆)集、『青燈』(江蘇文藝出版社、2008);

輯一
聴風楼記
青燈
我的日本朋友
芥末
如果天空不死
與死亡乾杯
話説周氏兄弟
艾基在柏羅依特
遠行


輯二
智利筆記
革命與雛菊
憶伯林
在中国這幅画的空白処
多情的仙人掌
三張唱片
西風

表題作の「青燈」及びこの本は米国の中国学者Fred Wakeman(魏斐徳)*2へ捧げられている。
また、週末に南京に行くことになったので、蘇凌、蔡文進編『帯一本書去南京』(科学技術文献出版社、2007)を買う。国内向けのガイドブックだが、南京大虐殺については半頁しか記述はない(p.71)。軽く驚いたが、当たり前といえば当たり前か。