「世界難民の日」に私たちが考えること
http://www.asahi.com/international/shien/TKY200906040138.html
リンクや写真が非常に多いページなので、コピーはやめておきます。興味ある方はリンク先を見てください。
追記:
ウェブ魚拓とりました。
http://s02.megalodon.jp/2009-0716-1158-59/www.asahi.com/international/shien/TKY200906040138.html
中国共産党の静かな革命―英紙
http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20090529-00000004-rcdc-cn
ちょっと前の記事ですが、コメントいただいたid:yutakarlson104さん(ブログは http://yutakarlson.blogspot.com/2009/06/20.html )に読んでいただこうと思って、エントリ起こします。
27日、英紙はこのほど、「共産党の静かな革命」と題した記事を掲載した。優秀で専門知識を持つ若者が世界最大の政党・中国共産党に続々入党しているという。写真は中国共産党規約。2009年5月27日、新華社通信（電子版）によると、英紙ガーディアンは20日、「共産党の静かな革命」と題した記事を掲載した。優秀で専門知識を持つ若者が世界最大の政党・中国共産党に続々入党しているとし、同党が静かに、かつ確実に変わりつつある姿について報道した。
記事によると、80年代、中国共産党の学生党員といえば同世代からは出世欲が強い二流学生と見下されるような傾向があった。しかし現在の学生の中には、出世など実利的な面だけでなく、「批判するだけでは世の中は変えられない。党の中に身を置けば、たとえ小さくても変化を起こせるかもしれない」と前向きな考えを持った入党希望者、特に高学歴を持つ女性の入党希望者が増えており、党も優秀な学生を積極的に入党させているという。
【その他の写真】
さらに記事は、こうした学生を含めた多くの党員にとって、党の掲げるマルクス・レーニン主義や毛沢東思想、トウ小平理論などは大きな意味を持たず、党そのものが個人の目的遂行のための手段であったり、社会の安定を促し、国家の団結を意味するものに変化してきている、と指摘する。ある党員は「マルクス・レーニン主義を信じることと党員になることはまったく別次元の話」と言い切る。
また、党による国民管理の手法も大きく変化している。西側各国の社会主義政党や旧ソ連・ゴルバチョフ元大統領の改革手法から学んだことなどを積極的に取り入れたり、マスメディアを利用した世論コントロールも強化している。一方で、過去には一切認められなかった市民による政府批判も、一定のレベルまでならばお咎めがなくなり、市民のはけ口として認められるようになるなど、共産党内部にも大きな変化が起こっている、と記事は記述している。（翻訳・編集/HA）
【関連記事】
・中国で激増するキリスト教徒、共産党員数を超えた？！―韓国メディア
・＜革命的＞「共産党員」優遇は就職差別！大学教授らが批判―中国
・＜早分かり＞共産党の権力の揺り籠「青年団」―中国
・共産党高官夫婦の合葬認める方針へ、政府が法改正―広東省広州市
・前総統の拘束は共産党の差し金？！中国側は「デマ」と反発―台湾
まぁ中国外から見てると、変化なんか全く感じないんですけど、これは期待できる変化なのか、それともかえって日本の競争相手として脅威になるのか判断に困るところです。
イスラエルに危機感広がる＝米大統領の対イスラム演説
http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20090605-00000096-jij-int
【エルサレム5日時事】オバマ米大統領が4日にカイロで行ったイスラム世界との新たな関係構築を呼び掛ける演説を受け、中東和平問題の一方の当事者であるイスラエルで危機感が広がっている。
オバマ演説は、イスラエルのネタニヤフ政権が進めるヨルダン川西岸の入植活動について「直ちに停止しなければならない」と指摘。イスラエル右派与党リクードの議員は「米国の大統領が初めて一線を越えた」と述べ、イスラエル離れへの懸念を示した。
【関連ニュース】
・地デジ、再延期なし=米大統領
・イスラム世界と新関係構築=「相互利益・尊重」基盤に
・中東和平など協議=エジプト大統領と会談
・中東政策の展望提示へ=イスラム世界向け演説
・共和マケイン氏が「核廃絶」支持=CTBT批准に弾みも
これくらいのことは今までの米大統領も言ってた気がするんですが、まともに聞かなくていいという確信があったんでしょうね。
オバマ大統領の演説については
■オバマ大統領のカイロ演説、14言語に翻訳 米ホワイトハウス
http://d.hatena.ne.jp/navi-area26-10/20090605/p6
で、取り上げました。
オバマ大統領のカイロ演説、14言語に翻訳 米ホワイトハウス
http://www.nikkei.co.jp/news/kaigai/20090605AT2M0500X05062009.html
【ワシントン＝弟子丸幸子】米ホワイトハウスは４日、オバマ米大統領の同日のカイロでの演説全文をアラビア語など14言語に翻訳する取り組みを始めた。米イスラム関係の「新たな始まり」を訴えたメッセージを幅広く伝えるのが目的。ホームページに掲載する。米国家安全保障会議（ＮＳＣ）当局者によると、字幕をつけた映像版も近く複数言語で用意する。
ホワイトハウスは演説から12時間以内に11言語の翻訳版を掲載。イスラム国家の言語が中心で、アラビア語のほか、アフガニスタンのパシュトゥー語、パキスタンのウルドゥー語、イランのペルシャ語、インドネシア語が含まれる。今後はヘブライ語、マレー語などを加える予定だ。 (18:14)
たしかにこれは必要な気がします。ちょっとYahoo!を見てて思ったのですが、読んだ順に載せます。
■＜米大統領＞文化保持し経済成長した日韓のように…演説要旨
http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20090604-00000140-mai-int
世界のイスラム教徒と米国との「新たな始まり」を求めるためここに来た。相互の利益、尊敬に基づく。イスラムに関する否定的なステレオタイプと戦うのは米大統領の責務だ。
◆過激主義との戦い 安全保障に深刻な脅威をもたらす過激派とは容赦なく戦う。アフガニスタンには必要があって派兵したが、兵を維持したいわけではない。イラクは選択的に行われた戦争で、論争を引き起こした。外交や国際協調の必要性を米国に思い知らせた。米国は国家主権と法による支配を尊重し、イスラム社会と協力しながら自国を守る。
◆中東和平 米国とイスラエルの強い結束は断てない。ユダヤ人が祖国建設を希求するのは、悲惨な歴史体験に根付く。だがパレスチナの苦しみが続く現状は、認められない。パレスチナは暴力を、イスラエルは入植をやめる必要がある。２国共存が唯一の解決だ。
◆イラン、核問題 米国は冷戦中、民主的に選ばれたイラン政府を転覆させた。イランは、米国に対し暴力的だった。今後は互いを尊重し、話し合う。核への姿勢は揺るがない。米国は、いかなる国も核兵器を持たない世界を追求する。核拡散防止条約に従う国々はイランを含め、平和利用を認める。
◆民主主義 どの国も特定の政治体制を他国に押し付けられない。各国には伝統に根ざす原則がある。ただ発言の自由、法の下の平等、自由に生きる権利は人々から奪えない。
◆宗教の自由 イスラムには寛容の伝統がある。宗教の自由は人々の共存に不可欠だ。
◆女性の権利 髪を隠すのは女性差別ではない。教育を受けられないのは不平等だ。
◆経済発展 日韓のように文化を保持しながら経済成長した国もある。湾岸諸国は石油で豊かになったが、教育と革新が重要だ。今年、イスラム社会と米国との企業家サミットを開く。新エネルギーやきれいな水を作るための科学特使を任命し、イスラム圏と技術開発を進める。
世界平和が神の意思だ。私たちが実現させなければならない。
【カイロ支局】
【関連ニュース】
オバマ大統領：アラブ圏で初演説、「新たな始まり」を力説
ビンラディン容疑者：「憎しみの種まく」米大統領を非難
オバマ大統領：携帯で主要演説の骨子を配信
オバマ大統領：アラブ圏初の主要演説へ
オバマ大統領：歴代「アメリカの顔」の仲間入り？完成間近
これは毎日新聞だったのですが、あれっと思ってみてみると
■イスラム過激派、アラブ諸国と西側の緊張を高めた＝米大統領
http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20090604-00000003-reu-int
６月４日、オバマ米大統領は訪問先のエジプトで講演した。写真はエジプトのカイロ大学で撮影（２００９年 ロイター/Larry Downing)
［カイロ ４日 ロイター］ オバマ米大統領は４日、イスラム過激派はアラブ圏と西側諸国の緊張を高めたと批判した。
エジプトのカイロ大学での演説原稿で大統領は、「暴力的な過激派は、影響力のあるイスラム教徒の少数派内にあるこの緊張を高めた」とし、米国とイスラム諸国は争う必要はないと述べた。
大統領はまた、パレスチナとイスラエルの紛争解決に向け、２国家共存を実現させる意向を強調した。
さらに、核不拡散条約を順守する限りは、イランも含め全ての国は原子力を平和利用する権利があるとの考えを示した。
イスラム過激派を批判してるんですよね。で、産経新聞ですが、
■オバマ米大統領演説の骨子
http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20090604-00000647-san-int
オバマ米大統領が４日、カイロで行った演説の要旨は以下の通り。
一、ムスリム（イスラム教徒）の中の少数だが影響力のある暴力的過激派が（米国とムスリムの間に生じている）緊張を利用している。不信感の循環を断ち切らなくてはならない。
一、相互利益・尊重に基づく米国と世界中のムスリムの新たな始まりを追求するために、カイロにやってきた。
一、米国は、イスラム教と戦争をしているわけではない。だが、われわれの安全保障を脅かす暴力的な過激派とは容赦なく戦う。
一、アフガニスタンでの戦いは選択の余地がなかった。アルカーイダは、９・１１テロで約３０００人を殺し、いまも大規模な殺戮（さつりく）の決意を示している。
一、イスラエルと米国のきずなは不動だ。だが、イスラエルの生存権が否定できないのと同様、イスラエルはパレスチナの権利も否定できないことを認めなくてはならない。
一、米国は、イスラエルが続けるユダヤ人入植地建設の正当性を受け入れられない。平和達成の努力を阻害するものであり、直ちに停止しなければならない。
一、米国は、イランに対し、過去にとらわれず（さまざまな問題で）前進する用意があると明確にした。しかし、核兵器の問題に関しては、われわれは決定的な局面に到達した。核拡散防止条約（ＮＰＴ）の義務を順守すれば、イランを含むすべての国に原子力平和利用の権利がある。
（カイロ 村上大介）
【関連記事】
・「新たなはじまり」訴えるオバマ米大統領
・ビンラーディン容疑者 オバマ大統領を非難 対米テロ予告
・中国市場の「成長」反映 ＧＭハマー身売り
・米が「ホットドッグ外交」 独立記念日にイラン招待
・ＧＭ破綻 動き出した政府主導リストラ策
と批判も取り上げています。まぁそこまで目くじら立てるものでもないですね。
追記:
よく考えたら全文探して自分で和訳すればいいんじゃね?と思ったのですが、全文が長い…
The New York Times
■Text: Obama’s Speech in Cairo
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/04/us/politics/04obama.text.html?_r=1&ref=middleeast
I am honored to be in the timeless city of Cairo, and to be hosted by two remarkable institutions. For over a thousand years, Al-Azhar has stood as a beacon of Islamic learning, and for over a century, Cairo University has been a source of Egypt's advancement. Together, you represent the harmony between tradition and progress. I am grateful for your hospitality, and the hospitality of the people of Egypt. I am also proud to carry with me the goodwill of the American people, and a greeting of peace from Muslim communities in my country: assalaamu alaykum.
We meet at a time of tension between the United States and Muslims around the world -- tension rooted in historical forces that go beyond any current policy debate. The relationship between Islam and the West includes centuries of co-existence and cooperation, but also conflict and religious wars. More recently, tension has been fed by colonialism that denied rights and opportunities to many Muslims, and a Cold War in which Muslim-majority countries were too often treated as proxies without regard to their own aspirations. Moreover, the sweeping change brought by modernity and globalization led many Muslims to view the West as hostile to the traditions of Islam.
Violent extremists have exploited these tensions in a small but potent minority of Muslims. The attacks of September 11th, 2001 and the continued efforts of these extremists to engage in violence against civilians has led some in my country to view Islam as inevitably hostile not only to America and Western countries, but also to human rights. This has bred more fear and mistrust.
So long as our relationship is defined by our differences, we will empower those who sow hatred rather than peace, and who promote conflict rather than the cooperation that can help all of our people achieve justice and prosperity. This cycle of suspicion and discord must end.
I have come here to seek a new beginning between the United States and Muslims around the world; one based upon mutual interest and mutual respect; and one based upon the truth that America and Islam are not exclusive, and need not be in competition. Instead, they overlap, and share common principles -- principles of justice and progress; tolerance and the dignity of all human beings.
I do so recognizing that change cannot happen overnight. No single speech can eradicate years of mistrust, nor can I answer in the time that I have all the complex questions that brought us to this point. But I am convinced that in order to move forward, we must say openly the things we hold in our hearts, and that too often are said only behind closed doors. There must be a sustained effort to listen to each other; to learn from each other; to respect one another; and to seek common ground. As the Holy Koran tells us, "Be conscious of God and speak always the truth." That is what I will try to do -- to speak the truth as best I can, humbled by the task before us, and firm in my belief that the interests we share as human beings are far more powerful than the forces that drive us apart.
Part of this conviction is rooted in my own experience. I am a Christian, but my father came from a Kenyan family that includes generations of Muslims. As a boy, I spent several years in Indonesia and heard the call of the azaan at the break of dawn and the fall of dusk. As a young man, I worked in Chicago communities where many found dignity and peace in their Muslim faith.
As a student of history, I also know civilization's debt to Islam. It was Islam -- at places like Al-Azhar University -- that carried the light of learning through so many centuries, paving the way for Europe's Renaissance and Enlightenment. It was innovation in Muslim communities that developed the order of algebra; our magnetic compass and tools of navigation; our mastery of pens and printing; our understanding of how disease spreads and how it can be healed. Islamic culture has given us majestic arches and soaring spires; timeless poetry and cherished music; elegant calligraphy and places of peaceful contemplation. And throughout history, Islam has demonstrated through words and deeds the possibilities of religious tolerance and racial equality.
(page 2 of 8)
I know, too, that Islam has always been a part of America's story. The first nation to recognize my country was Morocco. In signing the Treaty of Tripoli in 1796, our second President John Adams wrote, "The United States has in itself no character of enmity against the laws, religion or tranquility of Muslims." And since our founding, American Muslims have enriched the United States. They have fought in our wars, served in government, stood for civil rights, started businesses, taught at our Universities, excelled in our sports arenas, won Nobel Prizes, built our tallest building, and lit the Olympic Torch. And when the first Muslim-American was recently elected to Congress, he took the oath to defend our Constitution using the same Holy Koran that one of our Founding Fathers -- Thomas Jefferson -- kept in his personal library.
So I have known Islam on three continents before coming to the region where it was first revealed. That experience guides my conviction that partnership between America and Islam must be based on what Islam is, not what it isn't. And I consider it part of my responsibility as President of the United States to fight against negative stereotypes of Islam wherever they appear.
But that same principle must apply to Muslim perceptions of America. Just as Muslims do not fit a crude stereotype, America is not the crude stereotype of a self-interested empire. The United States has been one of the greatest sources of progress that the world has ever known. We were born out of revolution against an empire. We were founded upon the ideal that all are created equal, and we have shed blood and struggled for centuries to give meaning to those words -- within our borders, and around the world. We are shaped by every culture, drawn from every end of the Earth, and dedicated to a simple concept: E pluribus unum: "Out of many, one."
Much has been made of the fact that an African-American with the name Barack Hussein Obama could be elected President. But my personal story is not so unique. The dream of opportunity for all people has not come true for everyone in America, but its promise exists for all who come to our shores -- that includes nearly seven million American Muslims in our country today who enjoy incomes and education that are higher than average.
Moreover, freedom in America is indivisible from the freedom to practice one's religion. That is why there is a mosque in every state of our union, and over 1,200 mosques within our borders. That is why the U.S. government has gone to court to protect the right of women and girls to wear the hijab, and to punish those who would deny it.
So let there be no doubt: Islam is a part of America. And I believe that America holds within her the truth that regardless of race, religion, or station in life, all of us share common aspirations -- to live in peace and security; to get an education and to work with dignity; to love our families, our communities, and our God. These things we share. This is the hope of all humanity.
Of course, recognizing our common humanity is only the beginning of our task. Words alone cannot meet the needs of our people. These needs will be met only if we act boldly in the years ahead; and if we understand that the challenges we face are shared, and our failure to meet them will hurt us all.
For we have learned from recent experience that when a financial system weakens in one country, prosperity is hurt everywhere. When a new flu infects one human being, all are at risk. When one nation pursues a nuclear weapon, the risk of nuclear attack rises for all nations. When violent extremists operate in one stretch of mountains, people are endangered across an ocean. And when innocents in Bosnia and Darfur are slaughtered, that is a stain on our collective conscience. That is what it means to share this world in the 21st century. That is the responsibility we have to one another as human beings.
This is a difficult responsibility to embrace. For human history has often been a record of nations and tribes subjugating one another to serve their own interests. Yet in this new age, such attitudes are self-defeating. Given our interdependence, any world order that elevates one nation or group of people over another will inevitably fail. So whatever we think of the past, we must not be prisoners of it. Our problems must be dealt with through partnership; progress must be shared.
(page 3 of 8)
That does not mean we should ignore sources of tension. Indeed, it suggests the opposite: we must face these tensions squarely. And so in that spirit, let me speak as clearly and plainly as I can about some specific issues that I believe we must finally confront together.
The first issue that we have to confront is violent extremism in all of its forms.
In Ankara, I made clear that America is not -- and never will be -- at war with Islam. We will, however, relentlessly confront violent extremists who pose a grave threat to our security. Because we reject the same thing that people of all faiths reject: the killing of innocent men, women, and children. And it is my first duty as President to protect the American people.
The situation in Afghanistan demonstrates America's goals, and our need to work together. Over seven years ago, the United States pursued al Qaeda and the Taliban with broad international support. We did not go by choice, we went because of necessity. I am aware that some question or justify the events of 9/11. But let us be clear: al Qaeda killed nearly 3,000 people on that day. The victims were innocent men, women and children from America and many other nations who had done nothing to harm anybody. And yet Al Qaeda chose to ruthlessly murder these people, claimed credit for the attack, and even now states their determination to kill on a massive scale. They have affiliates in many countries and are trying to expand their reach. These are not opinions to be debated; these are facts to be dealt with.
Make no mistake: we do not want to keep our troops in Afghanistan. We seek no military bases there. It is agonizing for America to lose our young men and women. It is costly and politically difficult to continue this conflict. We would gladly bring every single one of our troops home if we could be confident that there were not violent extremists in Afghanistan and Pakistan determined to kill as many Americans as they possibly can. But that is not yet the case.
That's why we're partnering with a coalition of forty-six countries. And despite the costs involved, America's commitment will not weaken. Indeed, none of us should tolerate these extremists. They have killed in many countries. They have killed people of different faiths -- more than any other, they have killed Muslims. Their actions are irreconcilable with the rights of human beings, the progress of nations, and with Islam. The Holy Koran teaches that whoever kills an innocent, it is as if he has killed all mankind; and whoever saves a person, it is as if he has saved all mankind. The enduring faith of over a billion people is so much bigger than the narrow hatred of a few. Islam is not part of the problem in combating violent extremism -- it is an important part of promoting peace.
We also know that military power alone is not going to solve the problems in Afghanistan and Pakistan. That is why we plan to invest $1.5 billion each year over the next five years to partner with Pakistanis to build schools and hospitals, roads and businesses, and hundreds of millions to help those who have been displaced. And that is why we are providing more than $2.8 billion to help Afghans develop their economy and deliver services that people depend upon.
Let me also address the issue of Iraq. Unlike Afghanistan, Iraq was a war of choice that provoked strong differences in my country and around the world. Although I believe that the Iraqi people are ultimately better off without the tyranny of Saddam Hussein, I also believe that events in Iraq have reminded America of the need to use diplomacy and build international consensus to resolve our problems whenever possible. Indeed, we can recall the words of Thomas Jefferson, who said: "I hope that our wisdom will grow with our power, and teach us that the less we use our power the greater it will be."
Today, America has a dual responsibility: to help Iraq forge a better future -- and to leave Iraq to Iraqis. I have made it clear to the Iraqi people that we pursue no bases, and no claim on their territory or resources. Iraq's sovereignty is its own. That is why I ordered the removal of our combat brigades by next August. That is why we will honor our agreement with Iraq's democratically-elected government to remove combat troops from Iraqi cities by July, and to remove all our troops from Iraq by 2012. We will help Iraq train its Security Forces and develop its economy. But we will support a secure and united Iraq as a partner, and never as a patron.
(Page 4 of 8)
And finally, just as America can never tolerate violence by extremists, we must never alter our principles. 9/11 was an enormous trauma to our country. The fear and anger that it provoked was understandable, but in some cases, it led us to act contrary to our ideals. We are taking concrete actions to change course. I have unequivocally prohibited the use of torture by the United States, and I have ordered the prison at Guantanamo Bay closed by early next year.
So America will defend itself respectful of the sovereignty of nations and the rule of law. And we will do so in partnership with Muslim communities which are also threatened. The sooner the extremists are isolated and unwelcome in Muslim communities, the sooner we will all be safer.
The second major source of tension that we need to discuss is the situation between Israelis, Palestinians and the Arab world.
America's strong bonds with Israel are well known. This bond is unbreakable. It is based upon cultural and historical ties, and the recognition that the aspiration for a Jewish homeland is rooted in a tragic history that cannot be denied.
Around the world, the Jewish people were persecuted for centuries, and anti-Semitism in Europe culminated in an unprecedented Holocaust. Tomorrow, I will visit Buchenwald, which was part of a network of camps where Jews were enslaved, tortured, shot and gassed to death by the Third Reich. Six million Jews were killed -- more than the entire Jewish population of Israel today. Denying that fact is baseless, ignorant, and hateful. Threatening Israel with destruction -- or repeating vile stereotypes about Jews -- is deeply wrong, and only serves to evoke in the minds of Israelis this most painful of memories while preventing the peace that the people of this region deserve.
On the other hand, it is also undeniable that the Palestinian people -- Muslims and Christians -- have suffered in pursuit of a homeland. For more than sixty years they have endured the pain of dislocation. Many wait in refugee camps in the West Bank, Gaza, and neighboring lands for a life of peace and security that they have never been able to lead. They endure the daily humiliations -- large and small -- that come with occupation. So let there be no doubt: the situation for the Palestinian people is intolerable. America will not turn our backs on the legitimate Palestinian aspiration for dignity, opportunity, and a state of their own.
For decades, there has been a stalemate: two peoples with legitimate aspirations, each with a painful history that makes compromise elusive. It is easy to point fingers -- for Palestinians to point to the displacement brought by Israel's founding, and for Israelis to point to the constant hostility and attacks throughout its history from within its borders as well as beyond. But if we see this conflict only from one side or the other, then we will be blind to the truth: the only resolution is for the aspirations of both sides to be met through two states, where Israelis and Palestinians each live in peace and security.
That is in Israel's interest, Palestine's interest, America's interest, and the world's interest. That is why I intend to personally pursue this outcome with all the patience that the task requires. The obligations that the parties have agreed to under the Road Map are clear. For peace to come, it is time for them -- and all of us -- to live up to our responsibilities.
Palestinians must abandon violence. Resistance through violence and killing is wrong and does not succeed. For centuries, black people in America suffered the lash of the whip as slaves and the humiliation of segregation. But it was not violence that won full and equal rights. It was a peaceful and determined insistence upon the ideals at the center of America's founding. This same story can be told by people from South Africa to South Asia; from Eastern Europe to Indonesia. It's a story with a simple truth: that violence is a dead end. It is a sign of neither courage nor power to shoot rockets at sleeping children, or to blow up old women on a bus. That is not how moral authority is claimed; that is how it is surrendered.
(Page 5 of 8)Now is the time for Palestinians to focus on what they can build. The Palestinian Authority must develop its capacity to govern, with institutions that serve the needs of its people. Hamas does have support among some Palestinians, but they also have responsibilities. To play a role in fulfilling Palestinian aspirations, and to unify the Palestinian people, Hamas must put an end to violence, recognize past agreements, and recognize Israel's right to exist.
At the same time, Israelis must acknowledge that just as Israel's right to exist cannot be denied, neither can Palestine's. The United States does not accept the legitimacy of continued Israeli settlements. This construction violates previous agreements and undermines efforts to achieve peace. It is time for these settlements to stop.
Israel must also live up to its obligations to ensure that Palestinians can live, and work, and develop their society. And just as it devastates Palestinian families, the continuing humanitarian crisis in Gaza does not serve Israel's security; neither does the continuing lack of opportunity in the West Bank. Progress in the daily lives of the Palestinian people must be part of a road to peace, and Israel must take concrete steps to enable such progress.
Finally, the Arab States must recognize that the Arab Peace Initiative was an important beginning, but not the end of their responsibilities. The Arab-Israeli conflict should no longer be used to distract the people of Arab nations from other problems. Instead, it must be a cause for action to help the Palestinian people develop the institutions that will sustain their state; to recognize Israel's legitimacy; and to choose progress over a self-defeating focus on the past.
America will align our policies with those who pursue peace, and say in public what we say in private to Israelis and Palestinians and Arabs. We cannot impose peace. But privately, many Muslims recognize that Israel will not go away. Likewise, many Israelis recognize the need for a Palestinian state. It is time for us to act on what everyone knows to be true.
Too many tears have flowed. Too much blood has been shed. All of us have a responsibility to work for the day when the mothers of Israelis and Palestinians can see their children grow up without fear; when the Holy Land of three great faiths is the place of peace that God intended it to be; when Jerusalem is a secure and lasting home for Jews and Christians and Muslims, and a place for all of the children of Abraham to mingle peacefully together as in the story of Isra, when Moses, Jesus, and Mohammed (peace be upon them) joined in prayer.
The third source of tension is our shared interest in the rights and responsibilities of nations on nuclear weapons.
This issue has been a source of tension between the United States and the Islamic Republic of Iran. For many years, Iran has defined itself in part by its opposition to my country, and there is indeed a tumultuous history between us. In the middle of the Cold War, the United States played a role in the overthrow of a democratically-elected Iranian government. Since the Islamic Revolution, Iran has played a role in acts of hostage-taking and violence against U.S. troops and civilians. This history is well known. Rather than remain trapped in the past, I have made it clear to Iran's leaders and people that my country is prepared to move forward. The question, now, is not what Iran is against, but rather what future it wants to build.
It will be hard to overcome decades of mistrust, but we will proceed with courage, rectitude and resolve. There will be many issues to discuss between our two countries, and we are willing to move forward without preconditions on the basis of mutual respect. But it is clear to all concerned that when it comes to nuclear weapons, we have reached a decisive point. This is not simply about America's interests. It is about preventing a nuclear arms race in the Middle East that could lead this region and the world down a hugely dangerous path.
(Page 6 of 8)
I understand those who protest that some countries have weapons that others do not. No single nation should pick and choose which nations hold nuclear weapons. That is why I strongly reaffirmed America's commitment to seek a world in which no nations hold nuclear weapons. And any nation -- including Iran -- should have the right to access peaceful nuclear power if it complies with its responsibilities under the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. That commitment is at the core of the Treaty, and it must be kept for all who fully abide by it. And I am hopeful that all countries in the region can share in this goal.
The fourth issue that I will address is democracy.
I know there has been controversy about the promotion of democracy in recent years, and much of this controversy is connected to the war in Iraq. So let me be clear: no system of government can or should be imposed upon one nation by any other.
That does not lessen my commitment, however, to governments that reflect the will of the people. Each nation gives life to this principle in its own way, grounded in the traditions of its own people. America does not presume to know what is best for everyone, just as we would not presume to pick the outcome of a peaceful election. But I do have an unyielding belief that all people yearn for certain things: the ability to speak your mind and have a say in how you are governed; confidence in the rule of law and the equal administration of justice; government that is transparent and doesn't steal from the people; the freedom to live as you choose. Those are not just American ideas, they are human rights, and that is why we will support them everywhere.
There is no straight line to realize this promise. But this much is clear: governments that protect these rights are ultimately more stable, successful and secure. Suppressing ideas never succeeds in making them go away. America respects the right of all peaceful and law-abiding voices to be heard around the world, even if we disagree with them. And we will welcome all elected, peaceful governments -- provided they govern with respect for all their people.
This last point is important because there are some who advocate for democracy only when they are out of power; once in power, they are ruthless in suppressing the rights of others. No matter where it takes hold, government of the people and by the people sets a single standard for all who hold power: you must maintain your power through consent, not coercion; you must respect the rights of minorities, and participate with a spirit of tolerance and compromise; you must place the interests of your people and the legitimate workings of the political process above your party. Without these ingredients, elections alone do not make true democracy.
The fifth issue that we must address together is religious freedom.
Islam has a proud tradition of tolerance. We see it in the history of Andalusia and Cordoba during the Inquisition. I saw it firsthand as a child in Indonesia, where devout Christians worshiped freely in an overwhelmingly Muslim country. That is the spirit we need today. People in every country should be free to choose and live their faith based upon the persuasion of the mind, heart, and soul. This tolerance is essential for religion to thrive, but it is being challenged in many different ways.
Among some Muslims, there is a disturbing tendency to measure one's own faith by the rejection of another's. The richness of religious diversity must be upheld -- whether it is for Maronites in Lebanon or the Copts in Egypt. And fault lines must be closed among Muslims as well, as the divisions between Sunni and Shia have led to tragic violence, particularly in Iraq.
Freedom of religion is central to the ability of peoples to live together. We must always examine the ways in which we protect it. For instance, in the United States, rules on charitable giving have made it harder for Muslims to fulfill their religious obligation. That is why I am committed to working with American Muslims to ensure that they can fulfill zakat.
(Page 7 of 8)
Likewise, it is important for Western countries to avoid impeding Muslim citizens from practicing religion as they see fit -- for instance, by dictating what clothes a Muslim woman should wear. We cannot disguise hostility towards any religion behind the pretence of liberalism.
Indeed, faith should bring us together. That is why we are forging service projects in America that bring together Christians, Muslims, and Jews. That is why we welcome efforts like Saudi Arabian King Abdullah's Interfaith dialogue and Turkey's leadership in the Alliance of Civilizations. Around the world, we can turn dialogue into Interfaith service, so bridges between peoples lead to action -- whether it is combating malaria in Africa, or providing relief after a natural disaster.
The sixth issue that I want to address is women's rights.
I know there is debate about this issue. I reject the view of some in the West that a woman who chooses to cover her hair is somehow less equal, but I do believe that a woman who is denied an education is denied equality. And it is no coincidence that countries where women are well-educated are far more likely to be prosperous.
Now let me be clear: issues of women's equality are by no means simply an issue for Islam. In Turkey, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Indonesia, we have seen Muslim-majority countries elect a woman to lead. Meanwhile, the struggle for women's equality continues in many aspects of American life, and in countries around the world.
Our daughters can contribute just as much to society as our sons, and our common prosperity will be advanced by allowing all humanity -- men and women -- to reach their full potential. I do not believe that women must make the same choices as men in order to be equal, and I respect those women who choose to live their lives in traditional roles. But it should be their choice. That is why the United States will partner with any Muslim-majority country to support expanded literacy for girls, and to help young women pursue employment through micro-financing that helps people live their dreams.
Finally, I want to discuss economic development and opportunity.
I know that for many, the face of globalization is contradictory. The Internet and television can bring knowledge and information, but also offensive sexuality and mindless violence. Trade can bring new wealth and opportunities, but also huge disruptions and changing communities. In all nations -- including my own -- this change can bring fear. Fear that because of modernity we will lose of control over our economic choices, our politics, and most importantly our identities -- those things we most cherish about our communities, our families, our traditions, and our faith.
But I also know that human progress cannot be denied. There need not be contradiction between development and tradition. Countries like Japan and South Korea grew their economies while maintaining distinct cultures. The same is true for the astonishing progress within Muslim-majority countries from Kuala Lumpur to Dubai. In ancient times and in our times, Muslim communities have been at the forefront of innovation and education.
This is important because no development strategy can be based only upon what comes out of the ground, nor can it be sustained while young people are out of work. Many Gulf States have enjoyed great wealth as a consequence of oil, and some are beginning to focus it on broader development. But all of us must recognize that education and innovation will be the currency of the 21st century, and in too many Muslim communities there remains underinvestment in these areas. I am emphasizing such investments within my country. And while America in the past has focused on oil and gas in this part of the world, we now seek a broader engagement.
On education, we will expand exchange programs, and increase scholarships, like the one that brought my father to America, while encouraging more Americans to study in Muslim communities. And we will match promising Muslim students with internships in America; invest in on-line learning for teachers and children around the world; and create a new online network, so a teenager in Kansas can communicate instantly with a teenager in Cairo.
(Page 8 of 8)
On economic development, we will create a new corps of business volunteers to partner with counterparts in Muslim-majority countries. And I will host a Summit on Entrepreneurship this year to identify how we can deepen ties between business leaders, foundations and social entrepreneurs in the United States and Muslim communities around the world.
On science and technology, we will launch a new fund to support technological development in Muslim-majority countries, and to help transfer ideas to the marketplace so they can create jobs. We will open centers of scientific excellence in Africa, the Middle East and Southeast Asia, and appoint new Science Envoys to collaborate on programs that develop new sources of energy, create green jobs, digitize records, clean water, and grow new crops. And today I am announcing a new global effort with the Organization of the Islamic Conference to eradicate polio. And we will also expand partnerships with Muslim communities to promote child and maternal health.
All these things must be done in partnership. Americans are ready to join with citizens and governments; community organizations, religious leaders, and businesses in Muslim communities around the world to help our people pursue a better life.
The issues that I have described will not be easy to address. But we have a responsibility to join together on behalf of the world we seek -- a world where extremists no longer threaten our people, and American troops have come home; a world where Israelis and Palestinians are each secure in a state of their own, and nuclear energy is used for peaceful purposes; a world where governments serve their citizens, and the rights of all God's children are respected. Those are mutual interests. That is the world we seek. But we can only achieve it together.
I know there are many -- Muslim and non-Muslim -- who question whether we can forge this new beginning. Some are eager to stoke the flames of division, and to stand in the way of progress. Some suggest that it isn't worth the effort -- that we are fated to disagree, and civilizations are doomed to clash. Many more are simply skeptical that real change can occur. There is so much fear, so much mistrust. But if we choose to be bound by the past, we will never move forward. And I want to particularly say this to young people of every faith, in every country -- you, more than anyone, have the ability to remake this world.
All of us share this world for but a brief moment in time. The question is whether we spend that time focused on what pushes us apart, or whether we commit ourselves to an effort -- a sustained effort -- to find common ground, to focus on the future we seek for our children, and to respect the dignity of all human beings.
It is easier to start wars than to end them. It is easier to blame others than to look inward; to see what is different about someone than to find the things we share. But we should choose the right path, not just the easy path. There is also one rule that lies at the heart of every religion -- that we do unto others as we would have them do unto us. This truth transcends nations and peoples -- a belief that isn't new; that isn't black or white or brown; that isn't Christian, or Muslim or Jew. It's a belief that pulsed in the cradle of civilization, and that still beats in the heart of billions. It's a faith in other people, and it's what brought me here today.
We have the power to make the world we seek, but only if we have the courage to make a new beginning, keeping in mind what has been written.
The Holy Koran tells us, "O mankind! We have created you male and a female; and we have made you into nations and tribes so that you may know one another."
The Talmud tells us: "The whole of the Torah is for the purpose of promoting peace."
The Holy Bible tells us, "Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called sons of God."
The people of the world can live together in peace. We know that is God's vision. Now, that must be our work here on Earth. Thank you. And may God's peace be upon you.
無理です。
前のアフマディネジャド大統領の演説は訳しましたけどね。
■アフマディネジャドは世界秩序の変化を呼びかけた。
http://d.hatena.ne.jp/navi-area26-10/20090423/1240502625
追記:
ホワイトハウスの各国語翻訳は
■A New Beginning
http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/newbeginning/transcripts/
にありました。日本語はありませんでしたけど。
天安門事件２０年 “温度差”際だつ台湾と香港
http://sankei.jp.msn.com/world/china/090604/chn0906042022014-n1.htm
【台北＝山本勲】天安門事件２０年を迎えた台湾と香港の“温度差”が際だっている。台湾では馬英九政権が中台の経済交流拡大を最優先して中国を刺激する言動を努めて控え、事件への市民の関心も風化しつつある。一方、香港では経済低迷や民主化の遅れなどへの不満も重なり、先月３１日には約８０００人の抗議デモが起きた。この違いは主権回復を終えた香港とこれから統一をめざす台湾に対する中国の政策、姿勢の違いを反映していそうだ。
中米歴訪中の馬英九総統は４日、天安門事件２０周年への所感を発表した。独立派からは「統一派」と称される馬総統だが、天安門事件についてはかねて参加学生を支援し、事件の再評価を求めるなど、一貫して厳しい姿勢を貫いてきた。
しかし今回の所感では共産党政権へのあからさまな批判を一切控え、中国の「経済改革成功」や、「人権白書、国家人権行動計画発表」などの取り組みを肯定的に評価。中台間の「軍事・外交競争をやめ、法治や人権といった普遍的価値の競争にかえる」よう提案した。
総統就任前とは様変わりの対応に独立派勢力からは「短期間の経済利益を求めて、民主や人権という最重要価値を犠牲にした」（蔡英文・民進党主席）、「反民主、反人権の本質を暴露した」（自由時報紙）などの批判が出ている。
しかし天安門事件に対する台湾住民の関心は薄れつつある。台湾メディアはこのところ中国からの観光客や産業界の大型買い付け団到来を大々的に報道。中台交流を好感した株価急騰が住民の懐を潤し、馬政権支持率も半年前のどん底（２０％台）から倍増の４０〜５０％台に回復している。
一方、香港では逆に事件への関心が再び高まっている。３１日の民主派市民団体主催の抗議デモの参加者は例年を上回った。事件で失脚した趙紫陽元総書記の回想録がこのほど香港で発売され、数万部規模の大ベストセラーとなっている。
昨年半ばからの景気後退や民主化の遅れなどで市民の曽蔭権・行政長官への不満が高まっているところへ、同長官が事件の重大性を否定するような発言をしたことが火に油を注いだ。
香港の今年１〜３月の域内総生産（ＧＤＰ）成長率はマイナス７・８％と、台湾の同マイナス１０・２４％より落ち込みは低い。しかし今後は中台の三通（通商、通航、通信の直接化）実現で受けるダメージが懸念される。
加えて中国が台湾統一工作を進めるために台湾へのさまざまな経済優遇策を講じる一方、すでに主権を回復した香港には政治的締め付けを強める傾向にある。このほど訪台した香港立法会の劉慧卿議員は「香港の言論の自由が大幅に後退している」と語り、台湾が「香港の二の舞いを演じないよう」警鐘を鳴らした。
■「1国2制度」ようやく軌道に＝7月1日で香港返還10周年
http://d.hatena.ne.jp/navi-area26-10/20070629/1183123870
■香港区議選で民主派最大政党が大敗、返還後最低の５９議席
http://d.hatena.ne.jp/navi-area26-10/20071120/1195560913
とか選挙で選んだ結果だと思っていたのですが…
その後は
2008/01
■「２０１２年に直接選挙実現を」香港で民主化要求デモ
http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/world/news/20080113i513.htm
香港公共ラジオなどによると、香港の民主派議員や市民ら約２万２０００人（主催者発表）が１３日、香港島中心部で民主化要求デモを行い、２０１２年の行政長官・立法会（議会）の両選挙から全面的な直接選挙を導入するよう訴えた。
直接選挙の導入時期について、早期実現を求める民主派は、中国の全国人民代表大会（全人代＝国会）常務委員会が昨年末、「１７年長官選から実施してよい」と決定したことに強く反発。ハンストを行うなどして抗議を続けている。
１３日のデモには、カトリック香港教区の陳日君枢機卿や、昨年１２月の立法会議員補欠選挙で当選した陳方安生・元政務官らも参加した。（香港支局）
（2008年1月13日21時51分 読売新聞）
とかもあったのですが。
ただ、香港の言論の自由に関しては
■「メディア自主規制進んでいる」香港記者協会が年報で指摘
http://d.hatena.ne.jp/navi-area26-10/20070709/1183986008
とありました。
「新アジア外交」で主導権狙う韓国、「リーダーの資格なし」―台湾紙
http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20090604-00000039-rcdc-cn
3日、台湾紙は、李明博韓国大統領が韓国・ASEAN特別首脳会議で、域内における主導的な立場を確立するために行った「新アジア外交」は何の成果も得られなかったと報じた。写真は先月28日、北京で開かれた中韓経済界の集まりで演説する李大統領。
2009年6月3日、台湾紙・中国時報は、李明博（イ・ミョンバク）韓国大統領が韓国・東南アジア諸国連合（ASEAN）特別首脳会議で、域内における主導的な立場を確立するために行った「新アジア外交」は何の成果も得られなかったと報じた。
李大統領は3月8日、訪問先のインドネシアで行った演説で、これまで大国に偏っていた外交活動をアジア全土に広げ、域内における「リーダー国」への地位向上を狙う「新アジア外交」の構想を発表した。今回の会議で李大統領は、ASEAN諸国と政治、社会、文化など多方面にわたる交流を深めたいとし、大幅な支援拡大を掲げ、「新アジア外交」の成功を図った。
【その他の写真】
だが記事は、「韓国は力不足。アジアの主導権はまだ握れない」と全く成果がなかったことを強調。リーダー国になるための3つの必須条件として1）国際社会を左右できる経済力 2）絶対的な軍事力 3）蓄積された文化を背景とした説得力―を上げ、どれを取っても中国や日本、ロシアにかなわない韓国に「リーダーの資格はない」と指摘した。（翻訳・編集/NN）
【関連記事】
・「アジアのリーダーに」李大統領の新アジア外交構想、実現性に疑問符も―韓国
・韓国大統領、5月にも訪中の見通し―中国
・韓国大統領が27日より訪中、協力関係強化へ
・韓国大統領、4日間の訪中を開始＝半ばは経済活動―中国
・韓国大統領、北京大で講演、「中国人女性の婿になるところだった」
中国でさえ
■台湾の日本離れが加速？中米台へ…しかし中国がアジアのリーダーになる日遠い
http://d.hatena.ne.jp/navi-area26-10/20090519/p4
に
■日本に大きな遅れ、中国がアジアのリーダーになる日遠い―米メディア
と取り上げましたが、韓国にはさすがに負けてられないというところでしょうか。
米国負ければアフガン「内戦」 次期駐留米軍トップ
http://sankei.jp.msn.com/world/asia/090603/asi0906031159002-n1.htm
アフガニスタン駐留米軍トップの国際治安支援部隊（ＩＳＡＦ）司令官に指名されたマクリスタル陸軍中将は２日の上院公聴会で、反政府武装勢力タリバンが台頭する現地情勢について、米軍がもし負ければ「アフガンは内戦状態に陥る」と危機感を表明した。近く本会議で承認を受け赴任する。
中将は「われわれは勝利できるが、簡単には勝てない」と指摘。アフガン市民の協力・支持を得るため、民間人犠牲者の減少を優先課題に掲げ戦略の見直しを図ると約束した。ただ米兵犠牲者は今後も増加する可能性があると懸念を示した。
ゲーツ国防長官は先月、戦況改善に新たな視点が必要としてマキャナン司令官を解任。敵方の要人追跡作戦の専門家、マクリスタル氏の起用を決めた。（共同）
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マクリスタルで検索すると
http://news-net.ddo.jp/cgi-bin/estseek.cgi?phrase=%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB&perpage=100&attr=&order=%40cdate+NUMD&clip=-1&navi=0
2009/05/11
にはこの人事は決まっていたようですね。敵方の要人追跡作戦の専門家、マクリスタル氏とありますが、
米流時評さん
■米流時評 : 21世紀狂気の蛮族 タリバン最期の日々
http://beiryu2.exblog.jp/9724920/
に
マクリスタル元米統合特殊作戦軍司令官
とありますね。要人追跡作戦で成果を上げてくれることを祈ります。
英語ではStanley McChrystal ですね。
http://news-net.ddo.jp/cgi-bin/estseek.cgi?phrase=Stanley+McChrystal&perpage=100&attr=&order=%40cdate+NUMD&clip=-1&navi=0
また陸軍長官も変更のようですね
■米陸軍長官に共和党議員を指名 米大統領
http://www.nikkei.co.jp/news/kaigai/20090603AT2M0203S02062009.html
【ワシントン＝弟子丸幸子】オバマ米大統領は２日、次期陸軍長官に共和党のジョン・マキュー下院議員（ニューヨーク州選出）を指名すると発表した。閣僚や軍のトップに共和党の人材を起用するのは、ゲーツ国防長官、ラフード運輸長官に次ぎ３人目。上院の承認を経て就任し、イラクやアフガニスタンの対テロ戦争で要となる陸軍を統括する。
マキュー氏は1993年に下院議員となり、軍事委員会の共和党筆頭理事を務めている。 (07:00)
しかしこれからどうなるのかさっぱり分かりません。
途上国での温暖化対策支援を強化＝経常黒字を還流−首相表明へ
http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20090604-00000215-jij-pol
政府は4日、途上国でのクリーンエネルギー投資拡大などの地球温暖化対策を促すため、資金や技術の面での支援を強化する方針を固めた。国際的な物やサービスの取引状況を示す経常収支は2008年度に12兆2291億円の黒字。海外から流入した民間資金を途上国での省エネプロジェクト投資に誘導させる方策を検討している。
麻生太郎首相が10日にも発表する温室効果ガス削減の中期目標と合わせて言及。世界が取り組む地球温暖化対策に対して、日本が積極的に貢献する姿勢を示す。
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・【特集】話題の車-エコカー新時代到来=時事ドットコム編集部が徹底検証
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・女子条約選択議定書の批准を=公明・浜四津氏が首相に
・住友林業、CO2削減住宅向け新ローン=金利優遇で省エネ後押し
櫻井よしこさんのブログ
■「科学的検証のない温暖化問題 日本は排出権取引に参加すべきでない」
http://yoshiko-sakurai.jp/index.php/2009/02/28/
を読むと、なぜ黒字を還流しなければいけないのかという気もしますが。
正男氏の側近相次いで連行＝金総書記の後継者争い激化か−反北市民団体
http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20090604-00000216-jij-int
北朝鮮の金正日総書記の長男、金正男氏（38）の側近らが平壌で治安当局に連行される事件が相次ぎ、正男氏が滞在先のマカオから帰国できないでいることが、4日分かった。同国の人権改善などに取り組んでいる非政府組織（NGO）「救え！北朝鮮の民衆/緊急行動ネットワーク（RENK）」が同氏と家族のやりとりの内容を情報筋から入手し、確認した。
北朝鮮情勢をめぐっては、最近になって、金総書記が後継者に三男の正雲氏（25）を指名したとの説が強まっている。正男氏の側近らが連行されているとすれば、政権内部で後継者をめぐる権力闘争が激化している可能性もある。
RENKによれば、正男氏は4月4日、マカオから北京の家族に対し、平壌で同3日夜に「わたしの同級生が連行された」と連絡。同7日には国外の腹心に「最近、周辺の人間が国家安全保衛部に連行されている。尋常な事態ではなく、（しばらく）平壌に戻らない」と訴えた。
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・【特集】緊迫!朝鮮半島
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・〔写真特集〕健康悪化説浮上金正日総書記
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・黄海境界を一時侵犯=警告受け退却、挑発か
後継者正雲説がいろいろとささやかれてましたが、
■「長男、金正男は知りすぎた」「後継者は三男」説が急浮上
http://d.hatena.ne.jp/navi-area26-10/20090518/p8
■金総書記の三男・正雲氏、国防委指導員に任命か
http://d.hatena.ne.jp/navi-area26-10/20090427/1240775409
これは本当かもしれませんね。張成沢の動向がどうなっているのかが、気になりますが。
